Latest Electromechanical Education

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AC Commutator Motors

Textbook

Charles Proteus Steinmetz’s first job after arriving in America…

Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Textbook

Every meter impacts the circuit it is measuring to some extent, just…

AC Lab - Build a Transformer

Textbook

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple transformer and learn some important transformer fundamentals including voltage step-up and step-down.

Fail-safe Design

Textbook

Logic circuits, whether comprised of electromechanical relays or…

The TRIAC

Textbook

SCRs are unidirectional (one-way) current devices, making them useful…

Step-up, Step-down, and Isolation Transformers

Worksheets - Electromechanical

Calculate the voltage output by the secondary winding of a transformer…

Protective Relay Circuits

Worksheets - Electromechanical

Protective relays are special power-sensing devices whose job it is to…

Polyphase Motor Design

Textbook

AC Motors Perhaps the most important benefit of polyphase AC power…

Switch Contact Design

Textbook

A switch can be constructed with any mechanism bringing two conductors…

The Junction Field-effect Transistor (JFET) as a Switch

Textbook

Like its bipolar cousin, the field-effect transistor may be used as an…

Lorentz Force Calculator

Tools

This calculator will determine the combined Lorentz force exerted on a charged particle moving through both an electric field and a magnetic field.

Reluctance Motor

Textbook

The variable reluctance motor is based on the principle that an…

Boolean Algebra

Worksheets - Electromechanical

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…

Switches

Worksheets - Electromechanical

What is the purpose of the switch shown in this schematic diagram?

Pulse Width Modulation

Textbook

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) uses digital signals to control power…

Solid-state Relays

Textbook

Limitations of Electromechanical Relays As versatile as…

Inductive Reactance

Worksheets - Electromechanical

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Impedance Matching With Transformers

Worksheets - Electromechanical

Suppose you were to take a 3 kW electric heater rated for 240 VAC and…

Arc Flash and Arc Blast

Worksheets - Electromechanical

Electromechanical relays used to start and stop high-power electric…

Tube Lab - Vacuum Tube Audio Amplifier

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an audio amplifier using a vacuum tube (triode) and learn about voltage transformers, how to build a high-voltage DC power supply, and how to use a transformer for impedance matching.

Si Lab - Full-wave Center-tap Rectifier

Textbook

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a full-wave rectifier for AC to DC conversion and learn about center-tapped transformers.

Derivatives of Power Functions of e

Textbook

Example Derivatives of e Proportionality Constant When we say that a…

Basic Voltmeter Use

Worksheets - Electromechanical

What will this voltmeter register when connected to a battery as shown…

DIY EE Lab - Setting Up a Home Electronics Lab

Textbook

To build the DIY electronics projects described in this textbook, you will need a small work area, a few tools, and some basic electronics supplies. This page describes the setup of a low-cost home electronics laboratory.

Copper Wire Ampacity Table

Textbook

Ampacities of copper wire, in free air at 30o C: INSULATION TYPE…

Capacitive Reactance

Worksheets - Electromechanical

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Series-Parallel Combination AC Circuits

Worksheets - Electromechanical

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Vol III. Credits

Textbook

All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…

Kirchhoff’s Laws

Worksheets - Electromechanical

Many electronic circuits use what is called a split or a dual power…

Si Lab - Light Sensor (LED Photodetector)

Textbook

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use an LED as a light-sensitive photodetector and learn how to use a bipolar transistor in a common-emitter amplifier configuration.

Design Project: Audio Media-Based Signal Generator

Worksheets - Electromechanical

Identify some different ways you can create the sine-wave audio tracks…

SPICE Simulation of Series and Parallel Circuits

Textbook

Previously, we examined series circuits and parallel circuits using…

Noise Figure Calculator

Tools

A tool designed to calculate the noise figure of cascaded amplifiers

General Troubleshooting Tips

Textbook

When first approaching a failed or otherwise misbehaving system, the…

The Common-drain Amplifier (IGFET)

Textbook

Diode Switching Circuits

Textbook

Diodes can perform switching and digital logic operations. Forward and…

AC Lab - Large Induction Motor

Textbook

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a large AC permanent capacitor split-phase induction motor and learn the principles of AC induction motor function.

Thyristors

Textbook

Thyristors are a broad classification of bipolar-conducting…

Data Flow

Textbook

Buses and networks are designed to allow communication to occur…

Digital Logic Functions

Textbook

We can construct a simple logic functions for our hypothetical lamp…

Quantum Devices

Textbook

Most integrated circuits are digital, based on MOS (CMOS) transistors.…

Calculating Electric Power

Textbook

Learn the Power Formula We’ve seen the formula for determining…

Diodes

Textbook

A diode is an electronics component made from a combination of a…

Active-mode Operation (BJT)

Textbook

When a transistor is in the fully-off state (like an open switch), it…

Conductor Ampacity

Textbook

The smaller the cross-sectional area of any given wire, the greater…

AC Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Worksheets - Electromechanical

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

The Shockley Diode

Textbook

Our exploration of thyristors begins with a device called the…

Wound Rotor Induction Motors

Textbook

A wound rotor induction motor has a stator like a squirrel cage…

Insulator Breakdown Voltage

Textbook

The atoms in insulating materials have very tightly-bound electrons,…

Bridged-Tee Attenuator Calculator

Tools

This calculator helps you determine the values of the resistors R1 and R2 to be used for a bridged-tee attenuator.

Three-phase Power Systems

Textbook

What is Split-Phase Power Systems? Split-phase power systems achieve…

Trigonometric Equivalencies

Textbook

555 Lab - Oscillator With Hysteresis

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an oscillator with hysteresis from a Schmitt trigger and learn how to use it to create an RC oscillator and a method to configure a 555 timer as an astable multivibrator.

Voltage Multipliers (Doublers, Triplers, Quadruplers, and More)

Textbook

A voltage multiplier is a specialized rectifier circuit producing…

Si Lab - BJT Common-emitter Amplifier

Textbook

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, construct a common-emitter amplifier using a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and learn about amplifier gain and feedback.

Digital Communication

Worksheets - Electromechanical

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…

Decibel Calculator

Tools

This calculator will convert voltage or power gains into decibels. Enter one of the three values and the calculator will output the other two.

Practical Considerations - Batteries

Textbook

When connecting batteries together to form larger “banks”…

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Worksheets - Electromechanical

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Simulating JFET Circuits Using LTspice

Textbook

Learn about junction field effect transistors (JFETs), their equations, and how to model and simulate JFETs in LTspice.