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The Actively Loaded MOSFET Differential Pair: Output Resistance

The Actively Loaded MOSFET Differential Pair: Output Resistance

In this article, we’ll discuss MOSFET small-signal output resistance as we make our way toward predicting the gain of the actively loaded differential pair.


Understanding Arduino UNO Hardware Design

Understanding Arduino UNO Hardware Design

This article explains how Arduino works from an electronic design perspective. It also explains the role of every part of the Arduino.


The Basic MOSFET Constant-Current Source

The Basic MOSFET Constant-Current Source

Learn about a straightforward version of a circuit that is essential in the design of analog integrated circuits.


Circuits and Techniques for Implementing Capacitive Touch Sensing

Circuits and Techniques for Implementing Capacitive Touch Sensing

This article presents some basic cap-sense circuit configurations and discusses how to deal with low- and high-frequency noise.


Inductor Out, Op-Amp In: An Introduction to Second-Order Active Filters

Inductor Out, Op-Amp In: An Introduction to Second-Order Active Filters

In this article, we’ll compare active and passive filters and look at some common second-order active topologies.


FIR Filter Design by Windowing: Concepts and the Rectangular Window

FIR Filter Design by Windowing: Concepts and the Rectangular Window

In this article, we'll review the basic concepts in digital filter design. We'll also briefly discuss the advantages of FIR filters over IIR designs, e.g. stability and linear-phase response. Finally, we'll go over an introduction to designing FIR filters via the window method.


Digital-to-Analog Conversion with the SAM4S Peripheral DMA Controller

Digital-to-Analog Conversion with the SAM4S Peripheral DMA Controller

Part Three in this three-article series shows you how to generate values for a discrete sinusoid and continuously convert this data into an analog signal without overburdening the CPU.


Projects May 09, 2016 by Robert Keim
Understanding and Using the SAM4S Digital-to-Analog Converter

Understanding and Using the SAM4S Digital-to-Analog Converter

Part Two in this three-article series explores the SAM4S DAC. We’ll look at hardware configuration, electrical characteristics, and the application programming interface.


Projects May 04, 2016 by Robert Keim
DMA Digital-to-Analog Conversion with a SAM4S Microcontroller: The Timer/Counter

DMA Digital-to-Analog Conversion with a SAM4S Microcontroller: The Timer/Counter

Part One in this three-article series focuses on using the SAM4S timer/counter peripheral to precisely control the DAC’s sampling rate.


Projects Apr 28, 2016 by Robert Keim
PWM Digital-to-Analog Conversion with the SAM4S Xplained Pro

PWM Digital-to-Analog Conversion with the SAM4S Xplained Pro

In this article we’ll use the SAM4S Xplained Pro development platform to get some hands-on experience with a PWM DAC.


Projects Apr 19, 2016 by Robert Keim
Low-Pass Filter a PWM Signal into an Analog Voltage

Low-Pass Filter a PWM Signal into an Analog Voltage

In this article we will take a closer look at how to effectively low-pass filter a PWM signal into an analog voltage.


Turn Your PWM into a DAC

Turn Your PWM into a DAC

If your microcontroller doesn’t have a digital-to-analog converter, you can make a passable replacement with nothing more than a pulse-width-modulated signal and a low-pass filter.


Building Raspberry Pi Controllers Part 5: Reading Analog Data with an RPi

Building Raspberry Pi Controllers Part 5: Reading Analog Data with an RPi

Learn how to read electrical signals and data from an analog device using the Step Response technique in Part 5 of the Building Raspberry Pi Controllers series.


Projects Feb 09, 2016 by Don Wilcher
A Breakdown of Class D Amplifiers

A Breakdown of Class D Amplifiers

Ever wanted to find out more about Class D amplification? Here's a handy breakdown.


Derive and Plot a Low Pass Transfer Function on MATLAB

Derive and Plot a Low Pass Transfer Function on MATLAB

Learn all about Akerberg-Mossberg Filters and how to plot the frequency response using MATLAB.


Understanding Analog-to-Digital Converters: Deciphering Resolution and Sampling Rate

Understanding Analog-to-Digital Converters: Deciphering Resolution and Sampling Rate

Resolution and sampling rate are two important factors to consider when selecting an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). In order to understand these fully, concepts such as quantisation, and the Nyquist Criterion must be understood to a certain degree.


Make an Analog Sound Reactive LED Strip

Make an Analog Sound Reactive LED Strip

This analog design allows your LEDs to respond to your music. Just plug your music source into this which sends a channel to your sound system and some LEDs.


Projects Oct 28, 2015 by Fadi Kasem
Build a Laser Communication System

Build a Laser Communication System

Use a laser and a photo resistor to build a laser based point-to-point communication system. The best part? It's under $10.


Projects Oct 22, 2015 by Jacob Smith
EFM8 Sound Synthesizer: Driving the Speaker

EFM8 Sound Synthesizer: Driving the Speaker

Part 2 in the “How to Make an EFM8-Based Sound Synthesizer” series.


Projects Sep 11, 2015 by Robert Keim
More First Order Opamp Circuits - Differentiators

More First Order Opamp Circuits - Differentiators

All of our previous circuits dealt with opamps using resistors in the feedback loop. What happens when we start swapping out resistors for other passive components?