Latest Technical Articles

This project brief describes how to build a compact dual-channel power amplifier module that delivers 38 W per channel…

This project brief describes how to build a compact dual-channel power amplifier module that delivers 38 W per channel into 4-ohm speakers using STMicroelectronics' STA540 audio amplifier IC.

Explore how frequency-modulated waves resist interference. We break down the demodulator architecture and derive the…

Explore how frequency-modulated waves resist interference. We break down the demodulator architecture and derive the exact output signal power for a sinusoidal message.

Build a low-noise, 32-bit delta-sigma ADC board designed around the ADS1262. This 10-channel design features integrated…

Build a low-noise, 32-bit delta-sigma ADC board designed around the ADS1262. This 10-channel design features integrated signal conditioning for RTDs, thermocouples, and strain gauges.

Envelope detection is simple, but that simplicity has a noise-performance cost. Here’s how much SNR conventional AM…

Envelope detection is simple, but that simplicity has a noise-performance cost. Here’s how much SNR conventional AM gives up compared to its coherent counterparts.

Build an ultra-low-noise preamplifier with a JFE150 JFET and OPA202 op-amp, perfect for high-impedance sensors,…

Build an ultra-low-noise preamplifier with a JFE150 JFET and OPA202 op-amp, perfect for high-impedance sensors, hydrophones, guitar pickups, microphones, and turntables.

Using a graphical approach, we show that coherent SSB demodulation leaves the input and output SNR unchanged, then…

Using a graphical approach, we show that coherent SSB demodulation leaves the input and output SNR unchanged, then compare its noise performance to DSB-SC and baseband systems.

This project brief describes how to build and use a four-channel differential line receiver module for balanced RS-422…

This project brief describes how to build and use a four-channel differential line receiver module for balanced RS-422 and RS-485 data links.

Visualizing how correlated and uncorrelated signals combine offers an intuitive look at power transformation. See how…

Visualizing how correlated and uncorrelated signals combine offers an intuitive look at power transformation. See how this difference boosts baseband power to double the output SNR.

This project brief describes how to implement a four-channel differential line driver module for reliable long-distance…

This project brief describes how to implement a four-channel differential line driver module for reliable long-distance data transmission over balanced twisted-pair lines.

Learn how to build a constant-bandwidth band-pass filter covering 20 kHz to 60 kHz, with an integrated frequency counter…

Learn how to build a constant-bandwidth band-pass filter covering 20 kHz to 60 kHz, with an integrated frequency counter for precise tuning.

This project brief describes how to build a wide-range DC-DC buck converter capable of delivering a regulated 5.0 or 3.3…

This project brief describes how to build a wide-range DC-DC buck converter capable of delivering a regulated 5.0 or 3.3 V output from input voltages ranging from 7 to 60 V.

In this article, we'll learn how to calculate the noise power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a double-sideband…

In this article, we'll learn how to calculate the noise power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a double-sideband suppressed-carrier communication system.

This project brief describes how to assemble an isolated half-bridge IGBT gate driver module built around the…

This project brief describes how to assemble an isolated half-bridge IGBT gate driver module built around the NCD57085DR2G. It features onboard current sensing and overcurrent protection.

In this article, we analyze how bandpass filtering affects the power spectral density (PSD) of noise and explore how…

In this article, we analyze how bandpass filtering affects the power spectral density (PSD) of noise and explore how noise can be described by in-phase and quadrature components.

This project brief explains how to construct a PCB-based audio-processing platform with an ATmega328 microcontroller. A…

This project brief explains how to construct a PCB-based audio-processing platform with an ATmega328 microcontroller. A link to Arduino code for creating an audio echo is also provided.

In this article, we'll explore how modal analysis can be applied to problems of balance and common-mode current.

In this article, we'll explore how modal analysis can be applied to problems of balance and common-mode current.

This project brief provides the instructions for building a weight-sensitive LED lamp with an Arduino Uno and a handful…

This project brief provides the instructions for building a weight-sensitive LED lamp with an Arduino Uno and a handful of commercially available parts.

An RTL glitch in an eFuse controller can permanently brick costly silicon. This article covers defense-in-depth FSM…

An RTL glitch in an eFuse controller can permanently brick costly silicon. This article covers defense-in-depth FSM design, redundant watchdogs, and formal SVA verification.

In this article, we'll use practical examples to define and demonstrate the concept of electrical balance. In particular,…

In this article, we'll use practical examples to define and demonstrate the concept of electrical balance. In particular, we’ll examine differential signals and coax currents.