By closing a feedback loop around the demodulator, the FMFB architecture narrows the noise bandwidth and lowers the FM threshold, without improving SNR at high CNR.
By closing a feedback loop around the demodulator, the FMFB architecture narrows the noise bandwidth and lowers the FM threshold, without improving SNR at high CNR.
Discover how the LT1079 quad op-amp minimizes sensor loading in battery-powered designs. Active cancellation and an…
Discover how the LT1079 quad op-amp minimizes sensor loading in battery-powered designs. Active cancellation and an onboard bridge network ensure maximum precision for resistive sensors.
Working through examples shows how the threshold effect reshapes FM design choices. See how ignoring it can undershoot…
Working through examples shows how the threshold effect reshapes FM design choices. See how ignoring it can undershoot the required carrier power by over 5x for the same target SNR.
This project brief describes how to build and use an Arduino-compatible board that reads a linear Hall-effect sensor and…
This project brief describes how to build and use an Arduino-compatible board that reads a linear Hall-effect sensor and reports the measurement over an RS-485 bus.
The standard FM SNR equation breaks down once the carrier-to-noise ratio drops below a critical threshold, revealing a…
The standard FM SNR equation breaks down once the carrier-to-noise ratio drops below a critical threshold, revealing a hard limit on trading bandwidth for noise performance.
Learn how to construct a robust DMOS-based board featuring mute and standby controls. It easily drives 4 or 8 Ω loads…
Learn how to construct a robust DMOS-based board featuring mute and standby controls. It easily drives 4 or 8 Ω loads for your next custom stereo or speaker project.
This article shows you how to configure Software Standby mode and implement a periodic wake-up routine on the Renesas…
This article shows you how to configure Software Standby mode and implement a periodic wake-up routine on the Renesas FPB-RA0E1 Fast Prototyping Board, built around the Arm Cortex-M23-based RA0E1 MCU.
Deriving a general signal-to-noise expression for frequency modulation with any message signal reveals a core trade-off:…
Deriving a general signal-to-noise expression for frequency modulation with any message signal reveals a core trade-off: more deviation buys better noise performance, but only by using more bandwidth.
Safely drive up to ±500 mA into reactive loads. This compact module employs the LT1970A and offers independent 1%…
Safely drive up to ±500 mA into reactive loads. This compact module employs the LT1970A and offers independent 1% source/sink thresholds and onboard fault diagnostics.
This article explores how combining signal and noise power reveals how the FM system’s output SNR scales with carrier…
This article explores how combining signal and noise power reveals how the FM system’s output SNR scales with carrier amplitude and modulation index.
This project brief describes how to build a compact dual-channel power amplifier module that delivers 38 W per channel…
This project brief describes how to build a compact dual-channel power amplifier module that delivers 38 W per channel into 4-ohm speakers using STMicroelectronics' STA540 audio amplifier IC.
Explore how frequency-modulated waves resist interference. We break down the demodulator architecture and derive the…
Explore how frequency-modulated waves resist interference. We break down the demodulator architecture and derive the exact output signal power for a sinusoidal message.
Build a low-noise, 32-bit delta-sigma ADC board designed around the ADS1262. This 10-channel design features integrated…
Build a low-noise, 32-bit delta-sigma ADC board designed around the ADS1262. This 10-channel design features integrated signal conditioning for RTDs, thermocouples, and strain gauges.
Envelope detection is simple, but that simplicity has a noise-performance cost. Here’s how much SNR conventional AM…
Envelope detection is simple, but that simplicity has a noise-performance cost. Here’s how much SNR conventional AM gives up compared to its coherent counterparts.
Build an ultra-low-noise preamplifier with a JFE150 JFET and OPA202 op-amp, perfect for high-impedance sensors,…
Build an ultra-low-noise preamplifier with a JFE150 JFET and OPA202 op-amp, perfect for high-impedance sensors, hydrophones, guitar pickups, microphones, and turntables.
Using a graphical approach, we show that coherent SSB demodulation leaves the input and output SNR unchanged, then…
Using a graphical approach, we show that coherent SSB demodulation leaves the input and output SNR unchanged, then compare its noise performance to DSB-SC and baseband systems.
This project brief describes how to build and use a four-channel differential line receiver module for balanced RS-422…
This project brief describes how to build and use a four-channel differential line receiver module for balanced RS-422 and RS-485 data links.
Visualizing how correlated and uncorrelated signals combine offers an intuitive look at power transformation. See how…
Visualizing how correlated and uncorrelated signals combine offers an intuitive look at power transformation. See how this difference boosts baseband power to double the output SNR.
This project brief describes how to implement a four-channel differential line driver module for reliable long-distance…
This project brief describes how to implement a four-channel differential line driver module for reliable long-distance data transmission over balanced twisted-pair lines.
Learn how to build a constant-bandwidth band-pass filter covering 20 kHz to 60 kHz, with an integrated frequency counter…
Learn how to build a constant-bandwidth band-pass filter covering 20 kHz to 60 kHz, with an integrated frequency counter for precise tuning.
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