Latest Wireless Networking Technical Articles

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The Smith Chart and Its Relation to the Reflection Coefficient and Impedance

Learn about the history and ins/outs of the Smith chart, as well as how it relates to the reflection coefficient and makes calculating impedance easier.

March 03, 2023 by Dr. Steve Arar

Mismatch Loss and Mismatch Uncertainty Via Attenuators and Statistical Models

Learn about the effect of mismatch loss on a lossy line, a method to reduce the mismatch loss through fixed attenuators, and the statistical models of this error.

February 26, 2023 by Dr. Steve Arar

Exploring the Basics of Bluetooth Low Energy: A Beginners Guide To BLE

Learn about the Bluetooth low energy (BLE) wireless communication protocol, namely its features, protocol stack, and how it communicates with devices.

February 19, 2023 by Nthatisi Hlapisi

Mismatch Loss Effect on RF Power Measurement and Gain of Cascaded Amplifiers

Using the mismatch loss equations, learn about the effect of mismatch loss on RF power measurement and the gain of cascaded amplifiers.

February 15, 2023 by Dr. Steve Arar

Transmission Line Theory: Observing the Reflection Coefficient and Standing Wave

Learn about radio frequency (RF) wave propagation and reflection via transmission lines, equations, and example waveforms.

January 29, 2023 by Dr. Steve Arar

A Primer on Digital Pulse Amplitude Modulation

An encoding technique used for digital communication, pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) converts a discrete-time signal into a variable-amplitude continuous-time signal that is suitable for high-speed wired communication systems.

January 22, 2023 by Robert Keim

IoT Communication Protocols—IoT Data Protocols

Dive deeper into the Internet of Things (IoT) communication through a brief overview of the different IoT data protocols.

June 16, 2022 by Ignacio de Mendizábal

IoT Communication Protocols—Network Protocols

Learn about some of the main Internet of Things (IoT) network communication protocols.

June 10, 2022 by Ignacio de Mendizábal

Demystifying LoRa and LoRaWAN Wireless Network Protocols

In this article, get a basic understanding of wireless communication networks—LoRa and LoRaWAN.

April 17, 2022 by Brandon Satrom

Intro to 5G NR

Learn the basics of 5G NR (New Radio), including its frequency bands, applications, and what technologies make it possible.

October 15, 2021 by Dale Wilson

Learn How Integrated Solutions Can Increase the Accuracy of Resistive Current Sensing

In this article, we’ll discuss why a discrete implementation cannot provide a high accuracy in resistive current sensing.

August 15, 2021 by Dr. Steve Arar

Examining the Negative Resistance of a Quartz Crystal Oscillator

This article discusses how we can examine the oscillator circuit to make sure that it has sufficient “negative resistance” or “oscillation allowance”.

June 18, 2021 by Dr. Steve Arar

The Elmore Delay Model in VLSI Design

In this article, we'll discuss the Elmore delay model, which provides a simplistic delay analysis that avoids time-consuming numerical integration/differential equations of an RC network.

November 11, 2020 by Tosin Jemilehin

How Standard Deviation Relates to Root-Mean-Square Values

This article explores an interesting connection between an important statistical measure and one of the fundamental analytical tools of electrical engineering.

July 28, 2020 by Robert Keim

The Four EV Charging Modes in the IEC 61851 Standard

In this article, we’ll look at different EV charging modes specified by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).

July 27, 2020 by Dr. Steve Arar

Sample-Size Compensation in Standard Deviation Calculations

This article discusses Bessel’s correction, which helps us to more accurately estimate the standard deviation of certain parameters and of long-duration signals.

July 21, 2020 by Robert Keim

Average Deviation, Standard Deviation, and Variance in Signal Processing

This article discusses three descriptive statistical measures from the perspective of signal-processing applications.

July 10, 2020 by Robert Keim

Incorporating Bias Nodes Into Your Neural Network

This article shows you how to add bias values to a multilayer Perceptron implemented in a high-level programming language such as Python.

February 05, 2020 by Robert Keim

How to Increase the Accuracy of a Hidden Layer Neural Network

In this article, we’ll perform some classification experiments and gather data on the relationship between hidden-layer dimensionality and network performance.

February 04, 2020 by Robert Keim

How Many Hidden Layers and Hidden Nodes Does a Neural Network Need?

This article provides guidelines for configuring the hidden portion of a multilayer Perceptron.

January 31, 2020 by Robert Keim