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A Four-Channel RS-422 Differential Line Receiver Module

A Four-Channel RS-422 Differential Line Receiver Module

This project brief describes how to build and use a four-channel differential line receiver module for balanced RS-422 and RS-485 data links.


Understanding SNR in DSB‑SC Coherent Detection: A Graphical Approach

Understanding SNR in DSB‑SC Coherent Detection: A Graphical Approach

Visualizing how correlated and uncorrelated signals combine offers an intuitive look at power transformation. See how this difference boosts baseband power to double the output SNR.


A Four-Channel RS-422 Differential Line Driver Module

A Four-Channel RS-422 Differential Line Driver Module

This project brief describes how to implement a four-channel differential line driver module for reliable long-distance data transmission over balanced twisted-pair lines.


Designing a Tuneable Ultrasonic Filter

Designing a Tuneable Ultrasonic Filter

Learn how to build a constant-bandwidth band-pass filter covering 20 kHz to 60 kHz, with an integrated frequency counter for precise tuning.


Evaluating the Noise Performance of Coherent DSB‑SC Demodulators

Evaluating the Noise Performance of Coherent DSB‑SC Demodulators

In this article, we'll learn how to calculate the noise power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a double-sideband suppressed-carrier communication system.


The Isolated Half-Bridge: An IGBT Gate Driver Module with Current Sense

The Isolated Half-Bridge: An IGBT Gate Driver Module with Current Sense

This project brief describes how to assemble an isolated half-bridge IGBT gate driver module built around the NCD57085DR2G. It features onboard current sensing and overcurrent protection.


Class AB vs. Class D: Understanding the Trade-Offs for Piezo Driver Design

Class AB vs. Class D: Understanding the Trade-Offs for Piezo Driver Design

In this article, we explore when to choose a Class AB or Class D output stage for your piezo amplifier design. We'll also examine the Class D stage's power supply requirements.


Design and Performance of the Class D Output Stage for Piezo Drivers

Design and Performance of the Class D Output Stage for Piezo Drivers

In this article, we explore the operation of a Class D stage with a capacitive load and how it can be used in piezo amplifier design.


Evaluating the Class AB Output Stage for Piezo Driver Design

Evaluating the Class AB Output Stage for Piezo Driver Design

We examine the basic requirements of piezoelectric amplifiers and how Class AB operation can meet them.


Constructing a Solar-Powered Snake Robot

Constructing a Solar-Powered Snake Robot

Learn how to create a batteryless crawling robot using basic electronic components and a 3D-printed chassis.


Three Ways to Accelerate Cell Layout in DTCO

Three Ways to Accelerate Cell Layout in DTCO

The device technology co-optimization (DTCO) methodology requires generating large numbers of layouts. This article introduces a few ways of speeding up this time-consuming process using automation.


Understanding the PDK Generation Process

Understanding the PDK Generation Process

In this article, we'll walk through the steps of generating a Process Design Kit (PDK) for digital standard cell libraries.


Understanding Inductors With Gapped Cores

Understanding Inductors With Gapped Cores

In this article, we explore the advantages of introducing an air gap to the magnetic core of an inductor.


Using Permeability to Understand Magnetic Core Saturation

Using Permeability to Understand Magnetic Core Saturation

In this article, we learn about core saturation and why it should be avoided in most applications. We then examine how different ways of defining permeability can help us predict the saturation flux density of a magnetic core.


Understanding How Laminated Cores Reduce Eddy Current Loss

Understanding How Laminated Cores Reduce Eddy Current Loss

Eddy currents are a major loss mechanism in transformer cores. This article provides both in-depth and simplified explanations of how core laminations work to mitigate the effects of eddy currents.


Hysteresis Loss: Estimation, Modeling, and the Steinmetz Equation

Hysteresis Loss: Estimation, Modeling, and the Steinmetz Equation

The hysteresis effect is one of the main sources of loss in ferromagnetic materials. In this article, we learn to calculate the hysteresis loss of a magnetic core and work through some example problems.


Understanding Magnetic Field Energy and Hysteresis Loss in Magnetic Cores

Understanding Magnetic Field Energy and Hysteresis Loss in Magnetic Cores

In this article, we use the concept of magnetic field energy to explore the relationship between a core's hysteresis loss and its B-H curve.


Understanding Dimensional Resonance in High-Frequency Magnetic Cores

Understanding Dimensional Resonance in High-Frequency Magnetic Cores

In this article, we explore the effect of dimensional resonance on the magnetic field distribution in high-frequency ferrite cores.


Understanding the Effect of Eddy Currents on the High-Frequency Behavior of Magnetic Cores

Understanding the Effect of Eddy Currents on the High-Frequency Behavior of Magnetic Cores

The formation of eddy currents can cause problems for magnetic cores at high frequencies. To mitigate these undesirable effects, we first need to understand them.


Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic, and Ferromagnetic Materials Explained

Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic, and Ferromagnetic Materials Explained

This article examines three different types of magnetic materials and how they react to an external magnetic field.