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Learn by Example—Using an Impedance Smith Chart

Learn how a series RLC circuit with arbitrary component values can be represented as a point on the Smith chart and how an impedance contour on the Smith chart can be used to describe the circuit's frequency response.

4 days ago by Dr. Steve Arar

Investigating Lossless Transmission Line Phase Constant and Infinite Bandwidth

Learn how to derive the wave equations for a lossless transmission line and look at its infinite bandwidth and phase constant.

January 27, 2023 by Dr. Steve Arar

RTD Signal Conditioning—4-Wire Configuration, Ratiometric Measurement, & Filtering

Learn about RTD (resistance temperature detector) signal conditioning through a four-wire configuration, ratiometric measurement, and input RC filters.

November 18, 2022 by Dr. Steve Arar

Ratiometric Resistance Measurement Basics Using an Analog to Digital Converter

Learn the basics of ratiometric resistance measurements in analog to digital (A/D) converters, how it's measured, and example uses in a digital multimeter (DMM), microprocessor, and various resistive sensors.

October 07, 2022 by Harry Trietley

Electronic Component Aging—the Aging Effects of Resistors and Op-amps

Learn about the aging behavior of resistors and amplifiers using temperature calculations and the Arrhenius equation to understand resistor drift, resistor stability, and op-amp drift.

August 28, 2022 by Dr. Steve Arar

Temperature Drift in Resistors and Op-amps—Flicker Noise and Signal Averaging

Learn about temperature drift in electronic circuits, namely in resistors and amplifiers. We'll also cover how the effect of flicker noise comes into play and how drift limits the effectiveness of signal averaging.

July 15, 2022 by Dr. Steve Arar

Examining the Negative Resistance of a Quartz Crystal Oscillator

This article discusses how we can examine the oscillator circuit to make sure that it has sufficient “negative resistance” or “oscillation allowance”.

June 18, 2021 by Dr. Steve Arar

An Introduction to Switched-capacitor Circuits

In this series of articles, we’ll discuss one of the fundamental building blocks of analog IC design: the switched-capacitor circuit.

April 21, 2021 by Jake Hertz

Understanding the Photodiode Equivalent Circuit

This article presents a circuit model that helps us to analyze the electrical behavior of a photodiode.

December 23, 2020 by Robert Keim

Construction of a Guitar Amplifier

This article explains the theory and the construction of the circuit of a 10W practice guitar amplifier.

November 29, 2020 by Teja Sai Marellapudi

Modeling Inductors with LTspice

This article discusses how to model inductors using LTspice circuit simulation software.

November 04, 2020 by Ignacio de Mendizábal

Designing and Simulating EMC Filters with LTspice

In this article, we will review the different types of noise that are present in a circuit. We will also discuss how to perform an accurate simulation of an EMC filter with LTspice.

October 19, 2020 by Ignacio de Mendizábal

What Is a Voltage Drop in an Electric Circuit?

How exactly does polarity factor into the voltage drops across the three basic elements of electrical circuits—resistors, capacitors, and inductors?

July 20, 2020 by Robert Keim

Resistors in Parallel: Circuit Analysis with Parallel Resistance

This article shows you how to calculate currents flowing through parallel resistance and explains the concept of equivalent resistance.

March 20, 2020 by Robert Keim

Resistors in Parallel: Understanding Current and Voltage in Parallel Networks

This article gives you the information you need to identify parallel resistors and understand their behavior in electric circuits.

March 12, 2020 by Robert Keim

Characterizing the Moog Filter

This is Part 3 of a series of articles about the Moog ladder filter. In this article, we'll define the characteristics of the Moog filter, including its properties.

October 23, 2019 by Sam Gallagher

Understanding Schematics

If you're looking to get a better handle on how to read schematics, this helpful guide will give you a head start.

July 22, 2019 by Matthew Cook

How to Troubleshoot a DC-DC Buck Converter

This article addresses troubleshooting a staple of electronic systems that don’t always work as planned: switch-mode, low-voltage, DC-DC, single-phase, non-isolated, basic buck converter circuits.

June 19, 2019 by George Biner

Noise Analysis Using LTspice Tutorial

Learn how to simulate noise using LTspice and use this great tool to learn more about low-noise design.

May 22, 2019 by Stephen Colley

What Is a Low Pass Filter? A Tutorial on the Basics of Passive RC Filters

What is filtering? Learn what resistor-capacitor (RC) low-pass filters are and where you can use them.

May 12, 2019 by Robert Keim