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Common-Mode Chokes: From Working Principles to Important Performance Parameters

Common-Mode Chokes: From Working Principles to Important Performance Parameters

Learn how these simple filters can help you combat common-mode noise with minimal degradation of the desired signal.


Understanding RF Calibration Using Short, Open, Load, and Through Terminations

Understanding RF Calibration Using Short, Open, Load, and Through Terminations

In this article, we conclude our discussion of VNAs by walking through the steps of a SOLT calibration and examining the potential non-idealities of its reference standards.


Understanding Input Signal Swing in Op Amps

Understanding Input Signal Swing in Op Amps

This article, the first in a two-part series on op amp signal swing, explains the characteristics and limitations of an operational amplifier’s input voltages.


Understanding the Limits of VNA Calibration

Understanding the Limits of VNA Calibration

In this article, we compare the scope of factory and user calibration for vector network analyzers (VNAs). We then learn about the types of errors that calibration techniques can't correct.


How to Estimate and Enhance the Dynamic Range of a Vector Network Analyzer

How to Estimate and Enhance the Dynamic Range of a Vector Network Analyzer

This article explains how to estimate the dynamic range a vector network analyzer (VNA) needs for a given measurement, then discusses four techniques for boosting the dynamic range to the required level.


ADC Linearity Testing: the Sinusoidal Histogram Method

ADC Linearity Testing: the Sinusoidal Histogram Method

This article explains how to use a histogram test with a sinusoidal input to determine analog-to-digital converter (ADC) parameters, along with the advantages of doing so.


An Introduction to Filters

An Introduction to Filters

Learn about various types of filters, including common terminology and important characteristics.


MEMS Accelerometer Frequency Response and Bandwidth Specification

MEMS Accelerometer Frequency Response and Bandwidth Specification

Learn about frequency response and bandwidth specification of MEMS accelerometers.


An Introduction to Digital Signal Processing

An Introduction to Digital Signal Processing

This article provides a general understanding of what DSP is, how it works, and what advantages it can offer. To appreciate the advantages of DSP, let’s first have a look at the conventional method of signal processing, i.e., analog signal processing.


LVDT Demodulation: Rectifier-Type vs. Synchronous Demodulation

LVDT Demodulation: Rectifier-Type vs. Synchronous Demodulation

Learn how two methods of demodulation compare: synchronous demodulation and rectifier-type demodulation. Here we discuss each method's advantages, drawbacks, and appropriate applications.


Introduction to Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs)

Introduction to Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs)

Looking for a succinct intro to LVDTs? This article will explain LVDT basics, including structure, circuit, transfer function, linear range, sensitivity, and more.


An Introduction to Switched-capacitor Circuits

An Introduction to Switched-capacitor Circuits

In this series of articles, we’ll discuss one of the fundamental building blocks of analog IC design: the switched-capacitor circuit.


What Is the Power Spectrum of Quantization Noise?

What Is the Power Spectrum of Quantization Noise?

Our series on quantization noise begins with a clarification of the framework the author used to determine the scope of his investigation into quantization noise.


Adding a Low-pass Filter to an ADC Model and DAC Modeling

Adding a Low-pass Filter to an ADC Model and DAC Modeling

In the final part of this series on modeling ADCs, we discuss one more model and also briefly cover DAC models.


Digital or Analog? How Should I and Q Combining and Separation Be Done?

Digital or Analog? How Should I and Q Combining and Separation Be Done?

How should I and Q combining be done? Through analog or digital means? This article will discuss the basics of the analog and digital IQ approaches.


Reducing Distortion in Tape Recordings with Hysteresis in SPICE

Reducing Distortion in Tape Recordings with Hysteresis in SPICE

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Reducing Second Harmonic Distortion with Symmetrical PCB Layout

Reducing Second Harmonic Distortion with Symmetrical PCB Layout

Need a low-distortion ADC interface? In this article, we'll discuss how to reduce 2nd harmonic distortion by using symmetric PCB layout.


Designing and Simulating EMC Filters with LTspice

Designing and Simulating EMC Filters with LTspice

In this article, we will review the different types of noise that are present in a circuit. We will also discuss how to perform an accurate simulation of an EMC filter with LTspice.


What Is the Sinc Function and Why Is It Important in Electrical Engineering?

What Is the Sinc Function and Why Is It Important in Electrical Engineering?

This Frequent Engineering Question gives a quick overview of a mathematical function that appears frequently in digital signal processing.


What Is the Fourier Transform?

What Is the Fourier Transform?

This article gives you essential information on a mathematical technique that plays an absolutely fundamental role in system design and signal processing.