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Understanding the Exclusive-OR Phase Detector

Understanding the Exclusive-OR Phase Detector

This article explores the operation of the simplest digital phase detector: the exclusive-OR (XOR) gate.


Analyzing First-Order PLLs Using Linear Models

Analyzing First-Order PLLs Using Linear Models

In this article, we'll use the linearized model of a first-order PLL to understand its response to a simple input change. We'll then use Matlab simulations to visualize the signals.


Building a Resistor Color Code Calculator and Ohmmeter Using Arduino

Building a Resistor Color Code Calculator and Ohmmeter Using Arduino

For this project, I built a handheld resistor color code calculator and ohmmeter using the ATmega328 microcontroller and a 1.8-inch color LCD display.


Moving Data Through an LTspice Parallel-Load Shift Register

Moving Data Through an LTspice Parallel-Load Shift Register

This article demonstrates the operation of an LTspice shift register and discusses details of its schematic and timing relationships.


Simulating the Short-Circuit Power Dissipation of a CMOS Inverter

Simulating the Short-Circuit Power Dissipation of a CMOS Inverter

Current briefly flows through both transistors during logic-level transitions. This article explores the resulting power dissipation and provides some helpful LTspice tips for measuring current and power.


Simulating the Switching Power Dissipation of a CMOS Inverter

Simulating the Switching Power Dissipation of a CMOS Inverter

When a CMOS inverter switches logic states, power is consumed due to its charging and discharging currents. Learn how to simulate these currents in LTspice.


Power Dissipation of a CMOS Inverter

Power Dissipation of a CMOS Inverter

This article explains dynamic and static power consumption in a CMOS inverter circuit.


An Explanation of Undervoltage Lockout

An Explanation of Undervoltage Lockout

Learn how undervoltage lockout (UVLO) can protect semiconductor devices and electronic systems from potentially hazardous operation.


Circuit and Operation of a D Flip-Flop

Circuit and Operation of a D Flip-Flop

D-type flip-flops are fundamental digital memory components. Here, we examine their input-output behavior and internal circuitry.


Shake It Off! A Digital Drawing Pad Inspired by the Iconic Etch A Sketch

Shake It Off! A Digital Drawing Pad Inspired by the Iconic Etch A Sketch

In this project, which uses the Arduino IDE, we create and demonstrate a digital drawing pad using an ESP32-based e-paper display dev board, rotary encoders for drawing control, and an accelerometer for shake detection to initiate an erase.


A Raspberry Pi Pico Controlled Frequency Shift Audio Oscillator:  A Radio Shack Classics Circuit Remix

A Raspberry Pi Pico Controlled Frequency Shift Audio Oscillator:  A Radio Shack Classics Circuit Remix

A PIR sensor detects objects to allow a Raspberry Pi Pico running MicroPython code to adjust the frequency of a Science Fair electronic oscillator circuit with audio output.


Projects Nov 26, 2023 by Don Wilcher
Controlling a Potentiometer-based Servo Motor Using a M5Stack Core

Controlling a Potentiometer-based Servo Motor Using a M5Stack Core

In this project, learn how to use a potentiometer's reading on the M5Stack core to control a servo motor.


Projects Jun 04, 2023 by Don Wilcher
What is an Image Processor? Turns Out the Answer is Hazy

What is an Image Processor? Turns Out the Answer is Hazy

Real-time image processing is a resource-intensive task that often requires specialized hardware. With that in mind, let's explore processors that are designed specifically for photo and video applications.


Creating a DCO-based Audio Synthesizer With an Arduino Nano

Creating a DCO-based Audio Synthesizer With an Arduino Nano

In this project, learn to create a digitally-controlled oscillator or DCO-based audio synthesizer with an Arduino Nano or an Arduino Uno.


Projects Apr 09, 2023 by Darby Hewitt
Designing Firmware for Embedded Systems Using Warnier-Orr Diagrams

Designing Firmware for Embedded Systems Using Warnier-Orr Diagrams

Go from chaos to clarity by learning how to design programs for embedded systems leveraging the Warnier-Orr diagrams.


Is Assembly Language Still Relevant for Embedded Software Development?

Is Assembly Language Still Relevant for Embedded Software Development?

As embedded systems continue to evolve, you might wonder: should I learn assembly language for embedded software development? Learn the answer in this article.


An Introduction to RISC-V—Understanding RISC’s Open ISA

An Introduction to RISC-V—Understanding RISC’s Open ISA

This article is a primer into the basics of RISC-V. The open architecture philosophy is exposed, along with a technical description of the modular ISA, and some commercial RISC-V microprocessor implementations.


Intro to 5G NR

Intro to 5G NR

Learn the basics of 5G NR (New Radio), including its frequency bands, applications, and what technologies make it possible.


Adding a Low-pass Filter to an ADC Model and DAC Modeling

Adding a Low-pass Filter to an ADC Model and DAC Modeling

In the final part of this series on modeling ADCs, we discuss one more model and also briefly cover DAC models.


Digital or Analog? How Should I and Q Combining and Separation Be Done?

Digital or Analog? How Should I and Q Combining and Separation Be Done?

How should I and Q combining be done? Through analog or digital means? This article will discuss the basics of the analog and digital IQ approaches.