Explore how frequency-modulated waves resist interference. We break down the demodulator architecture and derive the exact output signal power for a sinusoidal message.
Explore how frequency-modulated waves resist interference. We break down the demodulator architecture and derive the exact output signal power for a sinusoidal message.
Envelope detection is simple, but that simplicity has a noise-performance cost. Here’s how much SNR conventional AM…
Envelope detection is simple, but that simplicity has a noise-performance cost. Here’s how much SNR conventional AM gives up compared to its coherent counterparts.
Using a graphical approach, we show that coherent SSB demodulation leaves the input and output SNR unchanged, then…
Using a graphical approach, we show that coherent SSB demodulation leaves the input and output SNR unchanged, then compare its noise performance to DSB-SC and baseband systems.
This project brief describes how to build and use a four-channel differential line receiver module for balanced RS-422…
This project brief describes how to build and use a four-channel differential line receiver module for balanced RS-422 and RS-485 data links.
Visualizing how correlated and uncorrelated signals combine offers an intuitive look at power transformation. See how…
Visualizing how correlated and uncorrelated signals combine offers an intuitive look at power transformation. See how this difference boosts baseband power to double the output SNR.
This project brief describes how to implement a four-channel differential line driver module for reliable long-distance…
This project brief describes how to implement a four-channel differential line driver module for reliable long-distance data transmission over balanced twisted-pair lines.
In this article, we'll learn how to calculate the noise power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a double-sideband…
In this article, we'll learn how to calculate the noise power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a double-sideband suppressed-carrier communication system.
This project brief describes how to assemble an isolated half-bridge IGBT gate driver module built around the…
This project brief describes how to assemble an isolated half-bridge IGBT gate driver module built around the NCD57085DR2G. It features onboard current sensing and overcurrent protection.
Learn how PLLs enable communication in which a clock signal is not transmitted with the data. We’ll look specifically…
Learn how PLLs enable communication in which a clock signal is not transmitted with the data. We’ll look specifically at return-to-zero (RZ) and non-return-to-zero (NRZ) data formats.
The phase-locked loop (PLL) is widely used in contemporary analog and digital communication systems. In this article, we…
The phase-locked loop (PLL) is widely used in contemporary analog and digital communication systems. In this article, we develop a nonlinear model for the analog PLL by analyzing its key components.
In this article, we'll investigate how varying the amplitude and frequency of the modulating tone impacts the bandwidth…
In this article, we'll investigate how varying the amplitude and frequency of the modulating tone impacts the bandwidth of FM signals. We'll also compare the modulation index in AM and FM schemes.
Learn how anti-parallel diodes protect Class D amplifiers from the effects of reactive loads and inductive kickback.
Learn how anti-parallel diodes protect Class D amplifiers from the effects of reactive loads and inductive kickback.
In this article, we explore the advantages of introducing an air gap to the magnetic core of an inductor.
In this article, we explore the advantages of introducing an air gap to the magnetic core of an inductor.
This article demonstrates the operation of an LTspice shift register and discusses details of its schematic and timing…
This article demonstrates the operation of an LTspice shift register and discusses details of its schematic and timing relationships.
Though both standards have long been used for serial communication, RS-485 offers valuable features that aren't available…
Though both standards have long been used for serial communication, RS-485 offers valuable features that aren't available from RS-232. Learn more in this article.
Learn about pressure transducers: devices used in a variety of industrial, medical, automotive, and consumer applications…
Learn about pressure transducers: devices used in a variety of industrial, medical, automotive, and consumer applications to sense pressure and convert it into electrical energy.
Histogram testing is the most popular method for determining analog-to-digital converter (ADC) static parameters. In this…
Histogram testing is the most popular method for determining analog-to-digital converter (ADC) static parameters. In this article, learn the basics of histogram testing and the specifics of how to use a linear ramp histogram test.
Indispensable for modern electrical engineering, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) form a diverse group of…
Indispensable for modern electrical engineering, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) form a diverse group of integrated circuits (ICs) that help designers to optimize sophisticated electronic devices.
Learn about measuring the noise figure (NF) using the Y factor method. We'll dive into using this to find the noise…
Learn about measuring the noise figure (NF) using the Y factor method. We'll dive into using this to find the noise factor, how to calibrate for noise temperature, and much more.
Real-time image processing is a resource-intensive task that often requires specialized hardware. With that in mind,…
Real-time image processing is a resource-intensive task that often requires specialized hardware. With that in mind, let's explore processors that are designed specifically for photo and video applications.
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