Latest Analog Technical Articles

Working through examples shows how the threshold effect reshapes FM design choices. See how ignoring it can undershoot…

Working through examples shows how the threshold effect reshapes FM design choices. See how ignoring it can undershoot the required carrier power by over 5x for the same target SNR.

The standard FM SNR equation breaks down once the carrier-to-noise ratio drops below a critical threshold, revealing a…

The standard FM SNR equation breaks down once the carrier-to-noise ratio drops below a critical threshold, revealing a hard limit on trading bandwidth for noise performance.

Learn how to construct a robust DMOS-based board featuring mute and standby controls. It easily drives 4 or 8 Ω loads…

Learn how to construct a robust DMOS-based board featuring mute and standby controls. It easily drives 4 or 8 Ω loads for your next custom stereo or speaker project.

Deriving a general signal-to-noise expression for frequency modulation with any message signal reveals a core trade-off:…

Deriving a general signal-to-noise expression for frequency modulation with any message signal reveals a core trade-off: more deviation buys better noise performance, but only by using more bandwidth.

Safely drive up to ±500 mA into reactive loads. This compact module employs the LT1970A and offers independent 1%…

Safely drive up to ±500 mA into reactive loads. This compact module employs the LT1970A and offers independent 1% source/sink thresholds and onboard fault diagnostics.

This article explores how combining signal and noise power reveals how the FM system’s output SNR scales with carrier…

This article explores how combining signal and noise power reveals how the FM system’s output SNR scales with carrier amplitude and modulation index.

This project brief describes how to build a compact dual-channel power amplifier module that delivers 38 W per channel…

This project brief describes how to build a compact dual-channel power amplifier module that delivers 38 W per channel into 4-ohm speakers using STMicroelectronics' STA540 audio amplifier IC.

Explore how frequency-modulated waves resist interference. We break down the demodulator architecture and derive the…

Explore how frequency-modulated waves resist interference. We break down the demodulator architecture and derive the exact output signal power for a sinusoidal message.

Build a low-noise, 32-bit delta-sigma ADC board designed around the ADS1262. This 10-channel design features integrated…

Build a low-noise, 32-bit delta-sigma ADC board designed around the ADS1262. This 10-channel design features integrated signal conditioning for RTDs, thermocouples, and strain gauges.

Envelope detection is simple, but that simplicity has a noise-performance cost. Here’s how much SNR conventional AM…

Envelope detection is simple, but that simplicity has a noise-performance cost. Here’s how much SNR conventional AM gives up compared to its coherent counterparts.

Build an ultra-low-noise preamplifier with a JFE150 JFET and OPA202 op-amp, perfect for high-impedance sensors,…

Build an ultra-low-noise preamplifier with a JFE150 JFET and OPA202 op-amp, perfect for high-impedance sensors, hydrophones, guitar pickups, microphones, and turntables.

Using a graphical approach, we show that coherent SSB demodulation leaves the input and output SNR unchanged, then…

Using a graphical approach, we show that coherent SSB demodulation leaves the input and output SNR unchanged, then compare its noise performance to DSB-SC and baseband systems.

This project brief describes how to build and use a four-channel differential line receiver module for balanced RS-422…

This project brief describes how to build and use a four-channel differential line receiver module for balanced RS-422 and RS-485 data links.

Visualizing how correlated and uncorrelated signals combine offers an intuitive look at power transformation. See how…

Visualizing how correlated and uncorrelated signals combine offers an intuitive look at power transformation. See how this difference boosts baseband power to double the output SNR.

This project brief describes how to implement a four-channel differential line driver module for reliable long-distance…

This project brief describes how to implement a four-channel differential line driver module for reliable long-distance data transmission over balanced twisted-pair lines.

Learn how to build a constant-bandwidth band-pass filter covering 20 kHz to 60 kHz, with an integrated frequency counter…

Learn how to build a constant-bandwidth band-pass filter covering 20 kHz to 60 kHz, with an integrated frequency counter for precise tuning.

This project brief describes how to build a wide-range DC-DC buck converter capable of delivering a regulated 5.0 or 3.3…

This project brief describes how to build a wide-range DC-DC buck converter capable of delivering a regulated 5.0 or 3.3 V output from input voltages ranging from 7 to 60 V.

In this article, we'll learn how to calculate the noise power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a double-sideband…

In this article, we'll learn how to calculate the noise power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a double-sideband suppressed-carrier communication system.

This project brief describes how to assemble an isolated half-bridge IGBT gate driver module built around the…

This project brief describes how to assemble an isolated half-bridge IGBT gate driver module built around the NCD57085DR2G. It features onboard current sensing and overcurrent protection.