Latest Transceivers Technical Articles

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Understanding Security Keys in Bluetooth Low Energy

Learn the roles of the three security keys in Bluetooth LE—Long Term Key (LTK), Connection Signature Resolving Key (CSRK), and Identity Resolving Key (IRK).

August 13, 2023 by Nthatisi Hlapisi

Whitening Filters Help Low-Power Radios Tackle Issues Caused by Long Identical Bit Sequences

Learn how whitening filters solve problems in low-power radios when transmitting long identical bit sequences. Explore their significance in protocols like BLE and ZigBee.

August 02, 2023 by Nthatisi Hlapisi

Learn Stub Tuning With a Smith Chart

Learn about impedance matching stub tuning using a Smith chart, as well as single and double stub tuning, impedance contour, and the "forbidden region" of a Smith chart.

April 21, 2023 by Dr. Steve Arar

Basics of Millimeter Wave Technology

What is millimeter wave technology and how is it characterized compared to other lower-frequency technologies?

October 24, 2021 by Dale Wilson

Intro to 5G NR

Learn the basics of 5G NR (New Radio), including its frequency bands, applications, and what technologies make it possible.

October 15, 2021 by Dale Wilson

Characterizing Frequency Deviations of Quartz Crystals: Frequency Tolerance, Frequency Stability, and Aging

Learn about some of the most important characteristics of quartz crystal frequency deviations.

May 30, 2021 by Dr. Steve Arar

Assessing the Advantages of Ultra-wideband Systems Through Impulse Radios

Using impulse radios as an example, we'll examine the advantages of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology compared to other short-range wireless communication technologies.

April 11, 2021 by Dr. Steve Arar

What Is the Power Spectrum of Quantization Noise?

Our series on quantization noise begins with a clarification of the framework the author used to determine the scope of his investigation into quantization noise.

March 07, 2021 by Wes Brodsky

Modeling ADCs Using Intermodulation Polynomial and Effective Number of Bits

In this article, we discuss another methodology of how to model ADCs in system simulations, this time by using the effective number of bits and also adjusting our ADC by introducing a 5th order polynomial to the ideal quantizer input.

February 28, 2021 by Wes Brodsky

How Should Data Converters Be Modeled for System Simulations?

This article launches a series exploring the question of how to model data converters for system simulations.

February 25, 2021 by Wes Brodsky

Requirements for Good Communications Link Performance: IQ Modulation and Demodulation

In this article, we'll discuss the requirements for an analog IQ modulator and demodulator, and then the requirements for DACs and ADCs used at baseband (for an analog IQ approach) and for DACs and ADCs used at RF (for a digital IQ approach).

February 24, 2021 by Wes Brodsky

Digital or Analog? How Should I and Q Combining and Separation Be Done?

How should I and Q combining be done? Through analog or digital means? This article will discuss the basics of the analog and digital IQ approaches.

February 22, 2021 by Wes Brodsky

Test and Measurement (T&M) Equipment You’ll Need for a Home Laboratory

For some of us, at-home work may be an extended reality beyond 2020. You’ll need the proper tools to accomplish your goals.

February 07, 2021 by Mark Hughes

What Is Mixed-Signal IC Design?

This brief gives an overview of the steps in a typical mixed-signal IC design flow.

December 07, 2020 by Jean-Jacques DeLisle

Designing I/O Drivers for Integrated Circuit I2C Modules

This article discusses designing input/output drivers for integrated circuit I2C modules.

August 05, 2020 by Chandana Krishna

Understanding Types of Lock-In Amplifiers and Related Noise Sources

This article is a general guideline on the main aspects of commercially-available amplifiers.

June 16, 2020 by Ignacio de Mendizábal

Introduction to Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Technology

Learn the basics of the ultra-wideband short-range wireless protocol, a technology that can be found in cutting-edge devices.

March 19, 2020 by Dr. Mustafa Bakr

Low-Pin-Count Serial Communication: Introduction to the 1-Wire Bus

The 1-wire bus, though not as widespread as other protocols, is a valuable communication technique for certain applications.

March 09, 2020 by Robert Keim

Introduction to the I2S Interface

This article discusses the characteristics and applications of a serial communication protocol intended specifically for audio systems.

March 04, 2020 by Robert Keim

Analog and Digital Implementation of a Synchronous Demodulator

In this article, we’ll take a look at the analog blocks for implementing the square wave-based synchronous demodulator.

February 12, 2020 by Dr. Steve Arar