This project brief explains how to construct a PCB-based audio-processing platform with an ATmega328 microcontroller. A link to Arduino code for creating an…
This project brief explains how to construct a PCB-based audio-processing platform with an ATmega328 microcontroller. A link to Arduino code for creating an audio echo is also provided.
This project brief provides the instructions for building a weight-sensitive LED lamp with an Arduino Uno and a handful…
This project brief provides the instructions for building a weight-sensitive LED lamp with an Arduino Uno and a handful of commercially available parts.
In this article, we explore when to choose a Class AB or Class D output stage for your piezo amplifier design. We'll also…
In this article, we explore when to choose a Class AB or Class D output stage for your piezo amplifier design. We'll also examine the Class D stage's power supply requirements.
The Hogge phase detector plays multiple roles in CDR circuits. In this article, we'll explore the Hogge detector's…
The Hogge phase detector plays multiple roles in CDR circuits. In this article, we'll explore the Hogge detector's behavior, highlight its main drawbacks, and introduce a different configuration that addresses them.
In this project, we'll construct and test a microcontroller-based system that digitally generates analog signals.
In this project, we'll construct and test a microcontroller-based system that digitally generates analog signals.
This article explains the importance of incorporating delay into the feedback path of a phase/frequency detector (PFD)…
This article explains the importance of incorporating delay into the feedback path of a phase/frequency detector (PFD) and examines its effect on performance.
Learn how using a phase/frequency detector (PFD) in place of a phase detector improves the acquisition range of a PLL.
Learn how using a phase/frequency detector (PFD) in place of a phase detector improves the acquisition range of a PLL.
In this project, we'll build and demonstrate a discrete analog solution to the incompatible logic levels of an Arduino…
In this project, we'll build and demonstrate a discrete analog solution to the incompatible logic levels of an Arduino Uno and an Elecrow e-paper HMI display.
The phase-locked loop (PLL) is widely used in contemporary analog and digital communication systems. In this article, we…
The phase-locked loop (PLL) is widely used in contemporary analog and digital communication systems. In this article, we develop a nonlinear model for the analog PLL by analyzing its key components.
In this article, we'll investigate how varying the amplitude and frequency of the modulating tone impacts the bandwidth…
In this article, we'll investigate how varying the amplitude and frequency of the modulating tone impacts the bandwidth of FM signals. We'll also compare the modulation index in AM and FM schemes.
In this article, we’ll learn about the essential properties of Bessel functions and what they can tell us about the…
In this article, we’ll learn about the essential properties of Bessel functions and what they can tell us about the bandwidth of practical FM signals.
Learn how Bessel functions and the modulation index can help us understand the bandwidth of wideband frequency-modulated…
Learn how Bessel functions and the modulation index can help us understand the bandwidth of wideband frequency-modulated (FM) signals.
This article explores the effect of signal bandwidth on the linearity of power amplifiers, including the impacts of…
This article explores the effect of signal bandwidth on the linearity of power amplifiers, including the impacts of cascaded RF gain stages.
In this article, we’ll use phasor diagrams to compare narrowband FM and conventional AM. We’ll also discuss the…
In this article, we’ll use phasor diagrams to compare narrowband FM and conventional AM. We’ll also discuss the problem of oscillator phase noise and work through an example problem.
Using a simple example, this article examines the frequency spectra of frequency-modulated (FM) and phase-modulated (PM)…
Using a simple example, this article examines the frequency spectra of frequency-modulated (FM) and phase-modulated (PM) waves for a low modulation index.
Learn why phase modulation (PM) and frequency modulation (FM) can produce waveforms that are nearly identical or…
Learn why phase modulation (PM) and frequency modulation (FM) can produce waveforms that are nearly identical or completely different from one another, depending on the nature of the message signal.
Learn to confidently determine intermodulation distortion products and the third-order intercept point of RF circuits by…
Learn to confidently determine intermodulation distortion products and the third-order intercept point of RF circuits by working through a selection of example problems.
Learn how the two-tone input test helps us evaluate the nonlinearity of RF systems operating on real-world signals.
Learn how the two-tone input test helps us evaluate the nonlinearity of RF systems operating on real-world signals.
We use a Raspberry Pi and free software to build a test platform for IoT systems.
We use a Raspberry Pi and free software to build a test platform for IoT systems.
In Part 2 of this two-part series, we turn our hardware assembly into a functioning soundboard by adding the necessary…
In Part 2 of this two-part series, we turn our hardware assembly into a functioning soundboard by adding the necessary code in Arduino IDE and uploading soundbites.
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