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Embedded Firmware Tips: How to Initialize Arrays in C with Signal Waveforms and Other File Data

This article shows how to initialize arrays in a C program with values from text files.

September 25, 2019 by Stephen Colley

Assembly vs. C: Why Learn Assembly?

This article discusses two programming languages, namely, C and Assembly, and presents the need to know Assembly language for programming embedded systems.

September 20, 2019 by Colin Walls

Embedded Firmware Tips and Tricks: Use Your Read Only Memory to Free Up RAM

Learn how to use code memory to free up RAM on your MCU.

September 16, 2019 by Robert Keim

What Is Virtual Memory?

This article will explore what virtual memory is, why it exists, and how it works from a high level.

August 20, 2019 by Stephen St. Michael

Introduction to DRAM (Dynamic Random-Access Memory)

This article will examine the basic operation of Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), along with how a DRAM chip is organized.

August 01, 2019 by Stephen St. Michael

Why Raspberry Pi Isn’t a Good Choice for Commercial Products

RPi has done some amazing good in the world, especially for aspiring young engineers, but here's the breakdown on why it's probably not what you need for a professional project.

July 19, 2019 by Pallav Aggarwal

Principles of Cache Design

This article will examine principles of CPU cache design including locality, logical organization, and management heuristics.

July 11, 2019 by Stephen St. Michael

Open Memory-Centric Architectures Enabled by RISC-V and OmniXtend

This article discusses technologies for memory-centric computing and introduces OmniXtend, a cache coherence protocol.

July 09, 2019 by Ted Marena, Western Digital

The Diffie-Hellman Exchange in Embedded Cryptography

Ready to design more secure devices but not sure where to start? Learn about Diffie-Hellman cryptography in this technical article.

June 23, 2019 by Mark Hughes

The Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture: An Introduction

This article will introduce the Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA), an open standard for SoC designs.

June 02, 2019 by Stephen St. Michael

Understanding Memory: How to Use Structures in Embedded C Language

How do processors access memory? Learn more about structures in C language and how to use them.

May 02, 2019 by Steve Arar

Decreasing the Length of Design Cycle in Co-Designed SoCs with Renode

In this article, we explain how the use of open-source functional simulators like Antmicro’s Renode can be an integral part of hardware-software co-design efforts.

April 16, 2019 by Greg Sullivan, Dover Microsystems

How to Interface a 16×2 LCD Module with an MCU

This article will discuss the details of interfacing a 16x2 LCD module with an MCU.

March 04, 2019 by Steve Arar

Introduction to Supercapacitors

Get a primer on the basics of supercapacitors, their functionality, and which applications they're best for.

January 28, 2019 by Maurizio Di Paolo Emilio

Hybrid Memory Cubes: What They Are and How They Work

In this article, the engineering team at Promwad examines hybrid memory cubes (HMCs), which can provide a 15-fold increase in performance with up to a 70% energy savings per bit compared to DDR3 DRAM.

January 22, 2019 by Ivan Kuten, Promwad

Pointers in C Programming: What Is a Pointer and What Does It Do?

This article will help you to understand the pointer, which is an interesting and important aspect of the C language.

January 18, 2019 by Robert Keim

Implementing Sequential Circuitry with Pass-Transistor Logic

This article discusses the use of pass-transistor configurations in the design of gated latches.

December 31, 2018 by Robert Keim

Big Endian, Little Endian, Endianness: Understanding Byte Arrangements in Digital Systems

The various “endian” terms may sound a bit odd, but the underlying concept is straightforward. If you’re not yet an endian expert, read on!

December 21, 2018 by Robert Keim

Embedded System Design: Build from Scratch or Use an SBC?

This article explores the pros and cons of either designing embedded systems from scratch or utilizing pre-made single-board computers.

November 29, 2018 by Rudy Ramos, Mouser

The Importance of Reliability Verification in AI/ML Processors

With the adoption of artificial intelligence and machine learning in a wide variety of applications, reliability verification of AI/ML processors is critical since failures can have major consequences for the validity and legitimacy of AI/ML technology.

12 hours ago by Neel Natekar, Mentor

How to Create a Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network in Python

This article takes you step by step through a Python program that will allow us to train a neural network and perform advanced classification.

one day ago by Robert Keim

Introduction to Microcontroller Timers: Periodic Timers

This article, the first in a series on “timer/counter” functions in microcontrollers, discusses periodic timers.

January 14, 2020 by Stephen Colley

How an Internal Faraday Shield and Small Ci-O Improve Optocoupler Galvanic Isolation

This article discusses how the use of three key design methods utilized in optocouplers improves galvanic isolation performance and presents an accompanying high voltage surge test as proof. 

January 14, 2020 by Lim Shiun Pi, Broadcom Inc

Analog Design Trade-Offs in Applying Linearization Techniques Using Example CMOS Circuits

This article will look at the trade-offs we face when trying to improve the linearity of a circuit.

January 13, 2020 by Steve Arar

Neural Network Architecture for a Python Implementation

This article discusses the Perceptron configuration that we will use for our experiments with neural-network training and classification, and we’ll also look at the related topic of bias nodes.

January 09, 2020 by Robert Keim

Implementing LoRa-based Solutions for Smart Metering

This article explores the use of LoRa devices for long-range, low power smart metering of utilities, which allows for remote daily operations and the collection of data.

January 07, 2020 by Rémi Demerlé, Semtech

Understanding Training Formulas and Backpropagation for Multilayer Perceptrons

This article presents the equations that we use when performing weight-update computations, and we’ll also discuss the concept of backpropagation.

December 27, 2019 by Robert Keim

How to Train a Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network

We can greatly enhance the performance of a Perceptron by adding a layer of hidden nodes, but those hidden nodes also make training a bit more complicated.

December 26, 2019 by Robert Keim

The Sigmoid Activation Function: Activation in Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks

In this article, we’ll see why we need a new activation function for a neural network that is trained via gradient descent.

December 25, 2019 by Robert Keim

Advanced Machine Learning with the Multilayer Perceptron

This article explains why high-performance neural networks need an extra “hidden” layer of computational nodes.

December 24, 2019 by Robert Keim

Assessing the ADC SNR and SFDR for Communications Systems

In this article, we will see how we can determine the SFDR for an ADC used in a radio receiver. Also, we’ll examine the ADC SNR requirement for this application.

December 22, 2019 by Steve Arar

Understanding Learning Rate in Neural Networks

This article discusses learning rate, which plays an important role in neural-network training.

December 19, 2019 by Robert Keim

How Software Automation in PCBA Manufacturing Helps Quicken Innovation

Manufacturing still takes a large portion of time in the electrical engineering cycle. This article discusses how software-driven automation and the IIoT can help hasten the manufacturing process.

December 17, 2019 by Shashank Samala, Tempo Automation

How to Calibrate an Microcontroller Internal Oscillator: A DIY Trimming Procedure Algorithm

This article presents an algorithm intended for humans to calibrate the internal oscillator of an MCU, with the help of an oscilloscope and a spreadsheet. An example experiment with numbers is also shown.

December 13, 2019 by Eduardo Corpeño

How to Calibrate MCU Internal Oscillators

This article describes the internal RC oscillator calibration mechanism available in low-end microcontroller units. A basic calibration procedure and considerations on automated calibration are presented.

December 12, 2019 by Eduardo Corpeño

Introduction to the Synchronous Demodulation

This article will discuss the basic idea behind the synchronous demodulation technique.

December 11, 2019 by Steve Arar

The Good and the Bad of MCU Internal Oscillators

This article describes the benefits and requirements of the internal RC oscillator often available inside many low-cost Microcontroller units, including the calibration procedure to obtain the best possible accuracy.

December 11, 2019 by Eduardo Corpeño

Predicting Battery Degradation with a Trinket M0 and Python Software Algorithms

Learn how to build a setup that will help you predict a battery's performance as it ages using a Trinket M0 and software algorithms.

December 09, 2019 by Aaron Hanson

An Introduction to Training Theory for Neural Networks

In this article, we’ll explore Perceptron training from a more theoretical perspective, focusing on the “error bowl.”

December 05, 2019 by Robert Keim