The phase-locked loop (PLL) is widely used in contemporary analog and digital communication systems. In this article, we develop a nonlinear model for the analog…
The phase-locked loop (PLL) is widely used in contemporary analog and digital communication systems. In this article, we develop a nonlinear model for the analog PLL by analyzing its key components.
In this article, we explore the advantages of introducing an air gap to the magnetic core of an inductor.
In this article, we explore the advantages of introducing an air gap to the magnetic core of an inductor.
This article demonstrates the operation of an LTspice shift register and discusses details of its schematic and timing…
This article demonstrates the operation of an LTspice shift register and discusses details of its schematic and timing relationships.
In this article, we use a SPICE model for 90 nm CMOS to plot key electrical relationships of an NMOS transistor.
In this article, we use a SPICE model for 90 nm CMOS to plot key electrical relationships of an NMOS transistor.
Current briefly flows through both transistors during logic-level transitions. This article explores the resulting power…
Current briefly flows through both transistors during logic-level transitions. This article explores the resulting power dissipation and provides some helpful LTspice tips for measuring current and power.
When a CMOS inverter switches logic states, power is consumed due to its charging and discharging currents. Learn how to…
When a CMOS inverter switches logic states, power is consumed due to its charging and discharging currents. Learn how to simulate these currents in LTspice.
This article explains dynamic and static power consumption in a CMOS inverter circuit.
This article explains dynamic and static power consumption in a CMOS inverter circuit.
This article discusses the following basic concepts related to magnetic materials: the magnetic dipole moment,…
This article discusses the following basic concepts related to magnetic materials: the magnetic dipole moment, magnetization vectors, susceptibility, and permeability.
Learn how to design the battery array that best fits your system’s power requirements. This article will help you…
Learn how to design the battery array that best fits your system’s power requirements. This article will help you interpret battery specifications, estimate operating life, and understand the relationship between capacity, load, and environment.
In this project, we’ll use a Raspberry Pi Pico to build an adjustable clock with an LED display. We’ll then integrate…
In this project, we’ll use a Raspberry Pi Pico to build an adjustable clock with an LED display. We’ll then integrate the clock with a Radio Shack Science Fair Microcomputer Trainer programmed to function as a 7-bit binary counter.
Learn about the behavior and benefits of hysteresis in comparator circuits, magnetic components, and high-power devices.
Learn about the behavior and benefits of hysteresis in comparator circuits, magnetic components, and high-power devices.
Get a high-level understanding of designing electronics to prevent the threat of side-channel attacks (SCAs), namely…
Get a high-level understanding of designing electronics to prevent the threat of side-channel attacks (SCAs), namely power- and EM- (electromagnetic) based attacks.
Learn the basics of side channel attacks (SCAs), the threat they pose security for hardware-level security, and why they…
Learn the basics of side channel attacks (SCAs), the threat they pose security for hardware-level security, and why they can be so powerful.
This article presents Scilab code that allows you to generate I/Q, noise, and chirp signals from your PC’s headphone jack.
This article presents Scilab code that allows you to generate I/Q, noise, and chirp signals from your PC’s headphone jack.
In this article, we’ll use Scilab to generate numerical signals that can be converted into analog waveforms by a…
In this article, we’ll use Scilab to generate numerical signals that can be converted into analog waveforms by a computer’s audio hardware.
This article provides additional details related to code development, hardware configuration, and the OLED interface.
This article provides additional details related to code development, hardware configuration, and the OLED interface.
Soldering surface mount components by hand can be done, but reflow soldering in an oven is much quicker and produces more…
Soldering surface mount components by hand can be done, but reflow soldering in an oven is much quicker and produces more consistent results. Building a microprocessor controlled reflow oven is well within the abilities and budget of many hobbyists.
In the last installment, we built the hardware to control an AC waveform with a TRIAC as the first step in a DIY solder…
In the last installment, we built the hardware to control an AC waveform with a TRIAC as the first step in a DIY solder reflow oven. This tutorial continues the project by showing you how to set up the low-level hardware to measure temperature, read the zero-cross detector, drive the TRIAC, and print to the serial terminal using a USART.
This article walks through the very basics of quantum computing and how they are designed. It will also provide accurate…
This article walks through the very basics of quantum computing and how they are designed. It will also provide accurate information about the principles behind quantum theory that helps quantum computing work. The objective is to help you understand this new age technology and its benefits.
A short introduction to some of the more popular interfaces used to connect test instruments to computers.
A short introduction to some of the more popular interfaces used to connect test instruments to computers.
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