Latest Navigation Technical Articles

In this article, we explore when to choose a Class AB or Class D output stage for your piezo amplifier design. We'll also…

In this article, we explore when to choose a Class AB or Class D output stage for your piezo amplifier design. We'll also examine the Class D stage's power supply requirements.

In this article, we explore the operation of a Class D stage with a capacitive load and how it can be used in piezo…

In this article, we explore the operation of a Class D stage with a capacitive load and how it can be used in piezo amplifier design.

We examine the basic requirements of piezoelectric amplifiers and how Class AB operation can meet them.

We examine the basic requirements of piezoelectric amplifiers and how Class AB operation can meet them.

We examine phase detectors that leverage either the nonlinear characteristics or switching capabilities of diodes to…

We examine phase detectors that leverage either the nonlinear characteristics or switching capabilities of diodes to perform multiplication.

This article explores the operation of the Gilbert-cell phase detector for both small and large signals.

This article explores the operation of the Gilbert-cell phase detector for both small and large signals.

This article explores the Gilbert cell, a widely used analog multiplier circuit.

This article explores the Gilbert cell, a widely used analog multiplier circuit.

In this article, we will examine the basic principles of FM demodulation through the simplest frequency discriminator: a…

In this article, we will examine the basic principles of FM demodulation through the simplest frequency discriminator: a differentiator.

In this article, we'll solidify our understanding of the reactance modulator and Armstrong modulator circuits by working…

In this article, we'll solidify our understanding of the reactance modulator and Armstrong modulator circuits by working through a series of design problems.

In this article, we explore the limitations of LC oscillators for direct FM generation and how to deal with them using…

In this article, we explore the limitations of LC oscillators for direct FM generation and how to deal with them using multipliers and automatic frequency control (AFC) circuits.

Learn how a varactor diode's variable capacitance, together with an LC tank circuit, can drive a voltage-controlled…

Learn how a varactor diode's variable capacitance, together with an LC tank circuit, can drive a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) to create FM waveforms.

In this article, we'll introduce the fundamental concepts of direct FM generation and examine a key FM modulation…

In this article, we'll introduce the fundamental concepts of direct FM generation and examine a key FM modulation circuit: the reactance modulator.

In this article, we'll illustrate the usefulness of Carson's rule for bandwidth estimation by working through a series of…

In this article, we'll illustrate the usefulness of Carson's rule for bandwidth estimation by working through a series of example problems.

In this article, we'll investigate how varying the amplitude and frequency of the modulating tone impacts the bandwidth…

In this article, we'll investigate how varying the amplitude and frequency of the modulating tone impacts the bandwidth of FM signals. We'll also compare the modulation index in AM and FM schemes.

Along with introducing Carson's rule for bandwidth estimation, this article explains how to calculate the required…

Along with introducing Carson's rule for bandwidth estimation, this article explains how to calculate the required transmission bandwidth based on either the sidebands or the total power of the signal.

In this article, we’ll learn about the essential properties of Bessel functions and what they can tell us about the…

In this article, we’ll learn about the essential properties of Bessel functions and what they can tell us about the bandwidth of practical FM signals.

Learn how Bessel functions and the modulation index can help us understand the bandwidth of wideband frequency-modulated…

Learn how Bessel functions and the modulation index can help us understand the bandwidth of wideband frequency-modulated (FM) signals.

This article explores the effect of signal bandwidth on the linearity of power amplifiers, including the impacts of…

This article explores the effect of signal bandwidth on the linearity of power amplifiers, including the impacts of cascaded RF gain stages.

In this article, we’ll use phasor diagrams to compare narrowband FM and conventional AM. We’ll also discuss the…

In this article, we’ll use phasor diagrams to compare narrowband FM and conventional AM. We’ll also discuss the problem of oscillator phase noise and work through an example problem.

Using a simple example, this article examines the frequency spectra of frequency-modulated (FM) and phase-modulated (PM)…

Using a simple example, this article examines the frequency spectra of frequency-modulated (FM) and phase-modulated (PM) waves for a low modulation index.