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Understanding the Differences Between Phase and Frequency Modulation

Understanding the Differences Between Phase and Frequency Modulation

Learn why phase modulation (PM) and frequency modulation (FM) can produce waveforms that are nearly identical or completely different from one another, depending on the nature of the message signal.


Using Instantaneous Frequency to Represent PM and FM Signals

Using Instantaneous Frequency to Represent PM and FM Signals

In this article, we’ll explore the mathematical relationship between phase modulation (PM) and frequency modulation (FM). We’ll then learn how a PM modulator can be used to generate FM signals, and vice versa.


Understanding Intermodulation Distortion and the Third-Order Intercept Point In RF Systems

Understanding Intermodulation Distortion and the Third-Order Intercept Point In RF Systems

Learn how the two-tone input test helps us evaluate the nonlinearity of RF systems operating on real-world signals.


Introduction to Phase Modulation for RF Systems

Introduction to Phase Modulation for RF Systems

In this article, we introduce the basic principles of phase modulation (PM) and use example waveforms to clarify the often-confusing relationship between the PM wave and the message signal.


Introduction to Modulation Techniques in RF Systems

Introduction to Modulation Techniques in RF Systems

In this article, we discuss the basics of RF modulation and how it affects the performance of communication systems.


Basics of Millimeter Wave Technology

Basics of Millimeter Wave Technology

What is millimeter wave technology and how is it characterized compared to other lower-frequency technologies?


How Do Satellites Communicate with a GPS System? A Look at the GPS Antenna

How Do Satellites Communicate with a GPS System? A Look at the GPS Antenna

Antennas provide the wireless linkage required for any satellite-based system. Here's a look at the many antennas of GPS.


GPS Times, Atomic Clock Frequencies, and the Increasing Accuracy of GPS

GPS Times, Atomic Clock Frequencies, and the Increasing Accuracy of GPS

GPS as we know it requires the precision of atomic clocks. This article looks at the importance of timing for GPS and the clocks that provide it.


Antenna Basics: Radiation Patterns, Permittivity, Directivity, and Gain

Antenna Basics: Radiation Patterns, Permittivity, Directivity, and Gain

Antennas allow information to be transferred to distant locations. In the second part of this Antenna Basics series, you will learn more about the physics of how antennas work.


An Introduction to Antenna Basics

An Introduction to Antenna Basics

Antennas are used to transmit and receive electromagnetic energy. This article covers basic antenna theory.