Latest IT / Networking Technical Articles

This project brief describes how to build and use an Arduino-compatible interface board that reads a 2-axis thumb…

This project brief describes how to build and use an Arduino-compatible interface board that reads a 2-axis thumb joystick and transmits its position over an RS-485 network.

This project brief describes how to build and use an Arduino-compatible relay interface board that switches a 10 A load…

This project brief describes how to build and use an Arduino-compatible relay interface board that switches a 10 A load over an RS-485 network.

Envelope detection is simple, but that simplicity has a noise-performance cost. Here’s how much SNR conventional AM…

Envelope detection is simple, but that simplicity has a noise-performance cost. Here’s how much SNR conventional AM gives up compared to its coherent counterparts.

Using a graphical approach, we show that coherent SSB demodulation leaves the input and output SNR unchanged, then…

Using a graphical approach, we show that coherent SSB demodulation leaves the input and output SNR unchanged, then compare its noise performance to DSB-SC and baseband systems.

This project brief describes how to build and use a four-channel differential line receiver module for balanced RS-422…

This project brief describes how to build and use a four-channel differential line receiver module for balanced RS-422 and RS-485 data links.

Visualizing how correlated and uncorrelated signals combine offers an intuitive look at power transformation. See how…

Visualizing how correlated and uncorrelated signals combine offers an intuitive look at power transformation. See how this difference boosts baseband power to double the output SNR.

This project brief describes how to implement a four-channel differential line driver module for reliable long-distance…

This project brief describes how to implement a four-channel differential line driver module for reliable long-distance data transmission over balanced twisted-pair lines.

In this article, we'll learn how to calculate the noise power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a double-sideband…

In this article, we'll learn how to calculate the noise power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a double-sideband suppressed-carrier communication system.

In this article, we'll explore how modal analysis can be applied to problems of balance and common-mode current.

In this article, we'll explore how modal analysis can be applied to problems of balance and common-mode current.

The Hogge phase detector plays multiple roles in CDR circuits. In this article, we'll explore the Hogge detector's…

The Hogge phase detector plays multiple roles in CDR circuits. In this article, we'll explore the Hogge detector's behavior, highlight its main drawbacks, and introduce a different configuration that addresses them.

Learn how the Hogge detector addresses the challenges of clock and data recovery (CDR) for data signals with limited…

Learn how the Hogge detector addresses the challenges of clock and data recovery (CDR) for data signals with limited clock information.

Learn how the two-tone input test helps us evaluate the nonlinearity of RF systems operating on real-world signals.

Learn how the two-tone input test helps us evaluate the nonlinearity of RF systems operating on real-world signals.

Learn about Wi-Fi HaLow, a long-range, low-power wireless standard for IoT applications.

Learn about Wi-Fi HaLow, a long-range, low-power wireless standard for IoT applications.

This article examines the operation of the Class C power amplifier and how it compares to its Class A and Class B counterparts.

This article examines the operation of the Class C power amplifier and how it compares to its Class A and Class B counterparts.

Though both standards have long been used for serial communication, RS-485 offers valuable features that aren't available…

Though both standards have long been used for serial communication, RS-485 offers valuable features that aren't available from RS-232. Learn more in this article.

In this article, we compare the scope of factory and user calibration for vector network analyzers (VNAs). We then learn…

In this article, we compare the scope of factory and user calibration for vector network analyzers (VNAs). We then learn about the types of errors that calibration techniques can't correct.

Learn the basics of how vector network analyzer (VNA) calibration techniques correct measurement errors.

Learn the basics of how vector network analyzer (VNA) calibration techniques correct measurement errors.

This article explains how to estimate the dynamic range a vector network analyzer (VNA) needs for a given measurement,…

This article explains how to estimate the dynamic range a vector network analyzer (VNA) needs for a given measurement, then discusses four techniques for boosting the dynamic range to the required level.

In this article, we explore how the signal source and receivers of a VNA enable its function.

In this article, we explore how the signal source and receivers of a VNA enable its function.