Stability analysis is an integral part of RF design. Learn the basics of stability analysis, including how to determine whether a device is unconditionally…
Stability analysis is an integral part of RF design. Learn the basics of stability analysis, including how to determine whether a device is unconditionally stable or potentially unstable.
In Bluetooth LE (BLE), security is a multifaceted beast. Learn the three main security modes of BLE, along with five…
In Bluetooth LE (BLE), security is a multifaceted beast. Learn the three main security modes of BLE, along with five critical BLE security procedures.
Understanding the causes of attenuation in a transmission line can help us choose the right solutions for our…
Understanding the causes of attenuation in a transmission line can help us choose the right solutions for our application. In this article, we’ll learn about attenuation caused by conductor loss and dielectric loss.
Pairing is an important concept in Bluetooth LE. Let’s examine the fundamentals of Bluetooth LE pairing, outlining how…
Pairing is an important concept in Bluetooth LE. Let’s examine the fundamentals of Bluetooth LE pairing, outlining how LE devices securely share keys between trusted devices.
Designing antennas for compact IoT devices is a tricky task, but an increasingly important one. Learn more about this…
Designing antennas for compact IoT devices is a tricky task, but an increasingly important one. Learn more about this challenge and how to meet it.
Learn the roles of the three security keys in Bluetooth LE—Long Term Key (LTK), Connection Signature Resolving Key…
Learn the roles of the three security keys in Bluetooth LE—Long Term Key (LTK), Connection Signature Resolving Key (CSRK), and Identity Resolving Key (IRK).
Learn how whitening filters solve problems in low-power radios when transmitting long identical bit sequences. Explore…
Learn how whitening filters solve problems in low-power radios when transmitting long identical bit sequences. Explore their significance in protocols like BLE and ZigBee.
To understand known vulnerabilities and attacks on Bluetooth LE devices, we review some studies from the past 4+ years.
To understand known vulnerabilities and attacks on Bluetooth LE devices, we review some studies from the past 4+ years.
The Y-factor method is a widely used technique for measuring the gain and noise figure (NF) of RF components. This…
The Y-factor method is a widely used technique for measuring the gain and noise figure (NF) of RF components. This article will help you understand the differences between the insertion gain and the available gain, while avoiding potentially significant errors when measuring the noise figure.
Learn about Bluetooth LE's security features and tools, how to use them, and understand how they keep connections secure.
Learn about Bluetooth LE's security features and tools, how to use them, and understand how they keep connections secure.
Explore the seven states of the Bluetooth LE radio, how the link layer state machine manages the LE radio, and the roles…
Explore the seven states of the Bluetooth LE radio, how the link layer state machine manages the LE radio, and the roles of these states in wireless communication.
Learn about measuring the noise figure (NF) using the Y factor method. We'll dive into using this to find the noise…
Learn about measuring the noise figure (NF) using the Y factor method. We'll dive into using this to find the noise factor, how to calibrate for noise temperature, and much more.
Learn about impedance matching using a single stub, transmission lines, and immittance Smith chart examples.
Learn about impedance matching using a single stub, transmission lines, and immittance Smith chart examples.
Learn about slot antennas, namely their history, characteristics, and electromagnetic (EM) behavior for low-voltage,…
Learn about slot antennas, namely their history, characteristics, and electromagnetic (EM) behavior for low-voltage, small-form-factor electronic devices.
Learn about l-type impedance matching equations through the quality factor (Q factor) of RC and RL circuits and the…
Learn about l-type impedance matching equations through the quality factor (Q factor) of RC and RL circuits and the series-parallel conversion of these circuits.l-
Learn more about L-sections and impedance matching by designing T and Pi matching networks using a Smith chart.
Learn more about L-sections and impedance matching by designing T and Pi matching networks using a Smith chart.
Learn about two-element networks (L-sections or L-networks), how they transform one impedance to another, their frequency…
Learn about two-element networks (L-sections or L-networks), how they transform one impedance to another, their frequency response, estimating their bandwidth, and their limitations leading to T networks.
Learn about the immittance Smith chart (ZY Smith chart), the effect of adding series and parallel components, impedance…
Learn about the immittance Smith chart (ZY Smith chart), the effect of adding series and parallel components, impedance matching, and finding a two-element matching network.
Learn about the admittance Smith chart to analyze a parallel connection of resistors, capacitors, and inductors, and see…
Learn about the admittance Smith chart to analyze a parallel connection of resistors, capacitors, and inductors, and see the circuit's behavior over the swept frequency range.
Learn about the history and ins/outs of the Smith chart, as well as how it relates to the reflection coefficient and…
Learn about the history and ins/outs of the Smith chart, as well as how it relates to the reflection coefficient and makes calculating impedance easier.
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