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RTD Signal Conditioning—4-Wire Configuration, Ratiometric Measurement, & Filtering

RTD Signal Conditioning—4-Wire Configuration, Ratiometric Measurement, & Filtering

Learn about RTD (resistance temperature detector) signal conditioning through a four-wire configuration, ratiometric measurement, and input RC filters.


Magnetic Field Strength Meter and Calibrator

Magnetic Field Strength Meter and Calibrator

This project will explain how to develop a system to measure magnetic field emissions at frequencies up to 150 kHz from high-current power cables without cutting or disturbing the cable.


Projects Oct 28, 2022 by John Woodgate
MEMS Accelerometer Frequency Response and Bandwidth Specification

MEMS Accelerometer Frequency Response and Bandwidth Specification

Learn about frequency response and bandwidth specification of MEMS accelerometers.


An Introduction to Digital Signal Processing

An Introduction to Digital Signal Processing

This article provides a general understanding of what DSP is, how it works, and what advantages it can offer. To appreciate the advantages of DSP, let’s first have a look at the conventional method of signal processing, i.e., analog signal processing.


LVDT Demodulation: Rectifier-Type vs. Synchronous Demodulation

LVDT Demodulation: Rectifier-Type vs. Synchronous Demodulation

Learn how two methods of demodulation compare: synchronous demodulation and rectifier-type demodulation. Here we discuss each method's advantages, drawbacks, and appropriate applications.


An Introduction to Switched-capacitor Circuits

An Introduction to Switched-capacitor Circuits

In this series of articles, we’ll discuss one of the fundamental building blocks of analog IC design: the switched-capacitor circuit.


What Is the Power Spectrum of Quantization Noise?

What Is the Power Spectrum of Quantization Noise?

Our series on quantization noise begins with a clarification of the framework the author used to determine the scope of his investigation into quantization noise.


Adding a Low-pass Filter to an ADC Model and DAC Modeling

Adding a Low-pass Filter to an ADC Model and DAC Modeling

In the final part of this series on modeling ADCs, we discuss one more model and also briefly cover DAC models.


Modeling ADCs Using Intermodulation Polynomial and Effective Number of Bits

Modeling ADCs Using Intermodulation Polynomial and Effective Number of Bits

In this article, we discuss another methodology of how to model ADCs in system simulations, this time by using the effective number of bits and also adjusting our ADC by introducing a 5th order polynomial to the ideal quantizer input.


Digital or Analog? How Should I and Q Combining and Separation Be Done?

Digital or Analog? How Should I and Q Combining and Separation Be Done?

How should I and Q combining be done? Through analog or digital means? This article will discuss the basics of the analog and digital IQ approaches.


6 Causes of MOS Transistor Leakage Current

6 Causes of MOS Transistor Leakage Current

Leakage current can contribute to power dissipation, especially at lower threshold voltages. Learn about six types of leakage current that can be found in MOS transistors.


Understanding the Leakage Current Components in Short Channel MOS Transistors

Understanding the Leakage Current Components in Short Channel MOS Transistors

This article covers the basics of MOS transistors with a view towards better understanding the leakage current that can occur in such transistors.


Transistor Sizing in VLSI Design Using the Linear Delay Model

Transistor Sizing in VLSI Design Using the Linear Delay Model

In this article, we will learn how to find the optimal size of a transistor/logic gate present in a larger circuit to provide the desired performance using the linear delay model.


What Is a Graphene Field Effect Transistor (GFET)? Construction, Benefits, and Challenges

What Is a Graphene Field Effect Transistor (GFET)? Construction, Benefits, and Challenges

Learn all about graphene field-effect transistors or GFETs. We'll cover their construction, as well as the benefits and challenges of designing with them.


Designing and Simulating EMC Filters with LTspice

Designing and Simulating EMC Filters with LTspice

In this article, we will review the different types of noise that are present in a circuit. We will also discuss how to perform an accurate simulation of an EMC filter with LTspice.


Non-Idealities in VLSI Circuits

Non-Idealities in VLSI Circuits

This article discusses VLSI (very-large-scale integration) circuits and the sources of non-idealities that affect MOS transistors.


Understanding Types of Lock-In Amplifiers and Related Noise Sources

Understanding Types of Lock-In Amplifiers and Related Noise Sources

This article is a general guideline on the main aspects of commercially-available amplifiers.


Anti-Aliasing Filters: Applying Sampling Theory to ADC Design

Anti-Aliasing Filters: Applying Sampling Theory to ADC Design

This article examines an important aspect of the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem and explains its connection to the need for anti-aliasing filters in analog-to-digital conversion.


The Nyquist–Shannon Sampling Theorem: Exceeding the Nyquist Rate

The Nyquist–Shannon Sampling Theorem: Exceeding the Nyquist Rate

This article continues our series on sampling theory by explaining the importance of oversampling in real-life mixed-signal systems.


Understanding Digital Oscilloscope Sample Rate and Analog Bandwidth Specs

Understanding Digital Oscilloscope Sample Rate and Analog Bandwidth Specs

In this article, we’ll examine two important specifications of a digital oscilloscope: analog bandwidth and sampling rate.