Latest Technical Articles

Different circuit connections are explored here. For instance, an inversion of source and load converts the buck…

Different circuit connections are explored here. For instance, an inversion of source and load converts the buck converter into a boost converter, the cascade connection of the converters leads to the formation of the buck-boost, and the Cuk converter from the basic buck and boost converters.

Discussed here are the discontinuous conduction mode, mode boundary, and conversion ratio of simple converters.

Discussed here are the discontinuous conduction mode, mode boundary, and conversion ratio of simple converters.

To control high-voltage or high-power circuits with an Arduino, you have to isolate them from the Arduino with a relay.…

To control high-voltage or high-power circuits with an Arduino, you have to isolate them from the Arduino with a relay. Here's how!

The Arduino can input and output analog signals as well as digital signals.

The Arduino can input and output analog signals as well as digital signals.

An analysis of the concepts and variables associated with state-space, canonical and system transfer function…

An analysis of the concepts and variables associated with state-space, canonical and system transfer function representations of the common converters. In direct circuit linearization averaging technique, dynamic behavior of the circuit cannot be studied at the resonant frequency as the switching frequency component of the output for the resonant converter is different from the local average value frequency. Thus, the integral expression of the average value needs to be extended using the Fourier series; and the derivative expression with respect to a particular frequency is required for the dynamic analysis.

Choosing a DMM isn't as simple as it looks. To choose the right DMM for your application, there are a number of factors…

Choosing a DMM isn't as simple as it looks. To choose the right DMM for your application, there are a number of factors that you should consider.

Electric machineries are based on the basic principles of electromechanical conversion, which use either the…

Electric machineries are based on the basic principles of electromechanical conversion, which use either the electrostatic or the electromagnetic principle. This technical article deals with the magnetic circuit theory for the conversion of one form of energy to another.

Make your Arduino programs more flexible by learning how to use the Arduino language control structures.

Make your Arduino programs more flexible by learning how to use the Arduino language control structures.

Inductor design characteristics are defined in terms of various parameters. Inductor winding is made of a conductor…

Inductor design characteristics are defined in terms of various parameters. Inductor winding is made of a conductor material which may be a single round wire or a unique multi-stranded conductor known as Litz wire. Litz wire has the main advantage of reduced skin effect. Inductor design characteristics are defined in terms of various parameters which are discussed in this technical article.

This technical article deals with the analysis of the four fundamental DC-DC converters (or choppers) in equilibrium. The…

This technical article deals with the analysis of the four fundamental DC-DC converters (or choppers) in equilibrium. The four basic DC-DC converters considered for analysis are the following: Buck Converter, Boost Converter, Buck-Boost Converter and Ćuk Converter.

By equipping an Arduino with an Ethernet shield you can turn it into a simple web server, and by accessing that server…

By equipping an Arduino with an Ethernet shield you can turn it into a simple web server, and by accessing that server with a browser running on any computer connected to the same network as the Arduino, you can perform a variety of tasks.

When an AC current flows through a conductor, outer filament of that conductor carries more current as compared to the…

When an AC current flows through a conductor, outer filament of that conductor carries more current as compared to the filament closer to its center. This results in higher resistance to AC than to DC and is know as skin effect. Proximity effect, the alternating flux in a conductor is caused by the current of the other nearby conductor.

The digital inputs and outputs (digital I/O) on the Arduino are what allow you to connect sensors, actuators, and other…

The digital inputs and outputs (digital I/O) on the Arduino are what allow you to connect sensors, actuators, and other ICs to the Arduino . Learning how to use the inputs and outputs will allow you to use the Arduino to do some really useful things, such as reading switch inputs, lighting indicators, and controlling relay outputs.

It's easy to make a simple digital voltmeter using an Arduino and 16x2 liquid crystal display (LCD).

It's easy to make a simple digital voltmeter using an Arduino and 16x2 liquid crystal display (LCD).

We review switching losses involving diode recovery charge, transistor switching with clamped inductive load, device…

We review switching losses involving diode recovery charge, transistor switching with clamped inductive load, device capacitance and leakage, package, and stray inductances, and the efficiency versus switching frequency curve.

Controlling a motor with an Arduino is relatively easy. In addition to simply spinning the motor, you can control the…

Controlling a motor with an Arduino is relatively easy. In addition to simply spinning the motor, you can control the position of the motor shaft if the motor has a rotary encoder.

Pulse-width modulation can be of many forms. A PWM signal of constant frequency can be obtained by comparing the ramp…

Pulse-width modulation can be of many forms. A PWM signal of constant frequency can be obtained by comparing the ramp signal (or carrier signal) with the error between the desired and the actual output voltage signal (Vc, compensator voltage signal).

You can connect small servo motors directly to an Arduino to control the shaft position very precisely.

You can connect small servo motors directly to an Arduino to control the shaft position very precisely.

Infrared (IR) sensors are normally used to measure distances, but they can also be used to detect objects. By connecting…

Infrared (IR) sensors are normally used to measure distances, but they can also be used to detect objects. By connecting a couple of IR sensors to an Arduino, you can make an intruder alarm.