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Learn About Load-Pull Systems: Passive and Active Tuners

Learn About Load-Pull Systems: Passive and Active Tuners

In this article, we explore the types of impedance tuners most commonly used for load-pull measurement—their advantages, their disadvantages, and the methods by which they synthesize impedance.


Using the Load-Pull Technique in RF Power Amplifier Design

Using the Load-Pull Technique in RF Power Amplifier Design

The output power and efficiency of a power amplifier (PA) are highly dependent on its load terminations. Learn how to characterize a PA's performance by analyzing load lines and estimating the load-pull contours of constant output power.


Building and Certifying an Open-Source IoT Controller, Part 4: Regulatory Compliance

Building and Certifying an Open-Source IoT Controller, Part 4: Regulatory Compliance

In the final installment of our series on the development of the Anthilla Controller, we look at the legal requirements for bringing the project to market in the European Union.


Introduction to the Inductively-Loaded Class A Power Amplifier

Introduction to the Inductively-Loaded Class A Power Amplifier

Learn how an inductively-loaded common-emitter stage can function as a power amplifier.


Building and Certifying an Open-Source IoT Controller, Part 3: Manufacturing and Testing

Building and Certifying an Open-Source IoT Controller, Part 3: Manufacturing and Testing

This four-part series walks through the development of the Anthilla Controller, an open-source Internet of Things (IoT) hardware platform. In Part 3, we cover the manufacturing, assembly, and product testing of the board.


Introduction to Class A Power Amplifiers: The Common-Emitter PA

Introduction to Class A Power Amplifiers: The Common-Emitter PA

RF amplifier design is a challenging task, involving trade-offs between linearity, efficiency, gain, and output power. Here, we examine how a common-emitter circuit can, or can't, function as a power amplifier.


Building and Certifying an Open-Source IoT Controller, Part 2: Open-Source Certification

Building and Certifying an Open-Source IoT Controller, Part 2: Open-Source Certification

In this four-part series, we walk through the development of the Anthilla Controller, an open-source Internet of Things (IoT) hardware platform. Part 2 explains the process and requirements of obtaining an open-source hardware certification.


Using the Available Power Gain to Design a Bilateral Low-Noise Amplifier

Using the Available Power Gain to Design a Bilateral Low-Noise Amplifier

Learn how the available power gain concept can help us solve the problem of designing a bilateral RF amplifier for a specified gain and noise figure.


Building and Certifying an Open-Source IoT Controller, Part 1

Building and Certifying an Open-Source IoT Controller, Part 1

In this four-part series, we walk through the development of the Anthilla Controller, an open-source IoT hardware platform. Part 1 introduces the project's specifications and explains key design decisions.


Learn About Designing Unilateral Low-Noise Amplifiers

Learn About Designing Unilateral Low-Noise Amplifiers

In this article, we learn about noise parameters and use Smith charts to design a unilateral low-noise amplifier (LNA) for a specified gain.


Is Every Conductor an Antenna?

Is Every Conductor an Antenna?

Learn how conductive circuit components can function as antennas, even when they aren't intended to.


Wireless Module or SoC? Cost Considerations in IoT Design

Wireless Module or SoC? Cost Considerations in IoT Design

Should your IoT design use a wireless module or a System-on-Chip (SoC)? This article presents a deep dive into the cost implications of each option, assisting you in making an informed, cost-effective decision.


A Raspberry Pi Pico Controlled Frequency Shift Audio Oscillator:  A Radio Shack Classics Circuit Remix

A Raspberry Pi Pico Controlled Frequency Shift Audio Oscillator:  A Radio Shack Classics Circuit Remix

A PIR sensor detects objects to allow a Raspberry Pi Pico running MicroPython code to adjust the frequency of a Science Fair electronic oscillator circuit with audio output.


Projects Nov 26, 2023 by Don Wilcher
How to Design a Bilateral RF Amplifier for Maximum Gain

How to Design a Bilateral RF Amplifier for Maximum Gain

This article explores the design of bilateral RF amplifiers for maximum transducer gain, and explains how to assess whether an RF amplifier is bilateral or unilateral.


Designing a Unilateral RF Amplifier for a Specified Gain

Designing a Unilateral RF Amplifier for a Specified Gain

Learn about the role of gain analysis in the design of unilateral RF amplifiers, first by reviewing the basic concepts and then by working through a pair of design examples.


Unconditional Stability and Potential Instability in RF Amplifier Design

Unconditional Stability and Potential Instability in RF Amplifier Design

Stability analysis is an integral part of RF design. Learn the basics of stability analysis, including how to determine whether a device is unconditionally stable or potentially unstable.


Bluetooth Low Energy Data Transfer Modes: A Comparison

Bluetooth Low Energy Data Transfer Modes: A Comparison

This article introduces and compares Bluetooth Low Energy’s legacy advertising, extended advertising, and connection-oriented data transfer modes.


Bluetooth LE: Security Modes and Procedures Explained

Bluetooth LE: Security Modes and Procedures Explained

In Bluetooth LE (BLE), security is a multifaceted beast. Learn the three main security modes of BLE, along with five critical BLE security procedures.


Building a One-Shot Multivibrator with an ESP32 Terminal Display:  A Radio Shack Classics Circuit Remix

Building a One-Shot Multivibrator with an ESP32 Terminal Display:  A Radio Shack Classics Circuit Remix

In this hands-on project, we will update a 1980s version of a one-shot (monostable multivibrator) circuit by giving it a modern, colorful output while also examining the circuit's operation.


Projects Sep 17, 2023 by Don Wilcher
Assessing Conductor and Dielectric Losses in Transmission Lines

Assessing Conductor and Dielectric Losses in Transmission Lines

Understanding the causes of attenuation in a transmission line can help us choose the right solutions for our application. In this article, we’ll learn about attenuation caused by conductor loss and dielectric loss.