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An RMS Detector for a Wideband Voltmeter—Design and Operation

An RMS Detector for a Wideband Voltmeter—Design and Operation

This project demonstrates the design and operation of a root-mean-squared (RMS) detector for inclusion in a wideband voltmeter. The RMS detector is useful for measuring certain signal types, including noise, since it provides an indication of the energy in a signal.


Projects Jun 25, 2023 by John Woodgate
Securing BLE Connections—An Overview of the Security Protocol

Securing BLE Connections—An Overview of the Security Protocol

Learn about Bluetooth LE's security features and tools, how to use them, and understand how they keep connections secure.


Exploring Output Ripple in a Negative Voltage Charge Pump Using LTspice

Exploring Output Ripple in a Negative Voltage Charge Pump Using LTspice

In this article, we’ll use LTspice simulations to more thoroughly understand output-voltage ripple and consider techniques for mitigating it within a charge pump circuit.


Analyzing Oscillator Frequency in an LTspice Negative Voltage Charge Pump

Analyzing Oscillator Frequency in an LTspice Negative Voltage Charge Pump

Continuing our in-depth look at a simple SPICE circuit that can generate a negative supply voltage, we’ll consider the effect of oscillator frequency on the system’s performance parameters.


Breaking Down the BLE Link Layer—The 7 States of Bluetooth LE Radio

Breaking Down the BLE Link Layer—The 7 States of Bluetooth LE Radio

Explore the seven states of the Bluetooth LE radio, how the link layer state machine manages the LE radio, and the roles of these states in wireless communication.


What is an Application-specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)?

What is an Application-specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)?

Indispensable for modern electrical engineering, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) form a diverse group of integrated circuits (ICs) that help designers to optimize sophisticated electronic devices.


Explore the Y Factor Method for Noise Figure Measurement

Explore the Y Factor Method for Noise Figure Measurement

Learn about measuring the noise figure (NF) using the Y factor method. We'll dive into using this to find the noise factor, how to calibrate for noise temperature, and much more.


Dive Into the BLE PHY Layer—The Basics of Bluetooth LE PHY Radio

Dive Into the BLE PHY Layer—The Basics of Bluetooth LE PHY Radio

Learn about the different Bluetooth low energy (LE) PHY radio modes, their unique characteristics, and how they influence power consumption and range in wireless LE devices. 


Controlling a Potentiometer-based Servo Motor Using a M5Stack Core

Controlling a Potentiometer-based Servo Motor Using a M5Stack Core

In this project, learn how to use a potentiometer's reading on the M5Stack core to control a servo motor.


Projects Jun 04, 2023 by Don Wilcher
What is an Image Processor? Turns Out the Answer is Hazy

What is an Image Processor? Turns Out the Answer is Hazy

Real-time image processing is a resource-intensive task that often requires specialized hardware. With that in mind, let's explore processors that are designed specifically for photo and video applications.


Characterize RF Noise Components Using Equivalent Noise Temperature

Characterize RF Noise Components Using Equivalent Noise Temperature

Learn another way to characterize RF noise components using noise temperature and how this concept clears up how noise figure measurement instruments actually work.


Explore Negative Voltage Using LTspice and a Negative Voltage Generator

Explore Negative Voltage Using LTspice and a Negative Voltage Generator

In this article, we’ll use SPICE simulations to explore the theory and behavior of negative voltages.


Improving ADC SFDR Using Dithering for Communication System Applications

Improving ADC SFDR Using Dithering for Communication System Applications

Learn more about dithering, namely improving the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that exhibits differential nonlinearity (DNL) errors.


Noise Figure Concepts—Power Gain, Lossy Components, and Cascaded Systems

Noise Figure Concepts—Power Gain, Lossy Components, and Cascaded Systems

Learn about the RF noise figure (NF), its power gain, lossy components, and cascaded systems.


Analyzing a Negative Voltage Charge Pump in LTspice—Source and Load Resistance

Analyzing a Negative Voltage Charge Pump in LTspice—Source and Load Resistance

Learn about using LTspice simulations to provide important insight into the performance of a switched-capacitor voltage-inverting power supply.


A Primer on Power and EM Side-channel Attack Countermeasures and Prevention

A Primer on Power and EM Side-channel Attack Countermeasures and Prevention

Get a high-level understanding of designing electronics to prevent the threat of side-channel attacks (SCAs), namely power- and EM- (electromagnetic) based attacks.


Understanding the RF Noise Figure Specification

Understanding the RF Noise Figure Specification

Take a closer look at the definition of the RF noise figure and discuss some subtleties to help avoid erroneous interpretations of this specification.


Exploring Single Stub Impedance Matching Through Smith Chart Examples

Exploring Single Stub Impedance Matching Through Smith Chart Examples

Learn about impedance matching using a single stub, transmission lines, and immittance Smith chart examples.


Designing a Wideband Analog Voltage and Current Meter

Designing a Wideband Analog Voltage and Current Meter

Design a wideband analog multimeter to measure AC voltages and currents from 20 Hz to 1 MHz with a selectable sensitivity from 1 mV to 100 V, while the ammeter has a selectable current sensitivity of 10 mA to 10 A.


Projects May 03, 2023 by John Woodgate
Understanding Limitations to Increasing SFDR in High-speed ADCs

Understanding Limitations to Increasing SFDR in High-speed ADCs

Learn about two nonlinearity sources, spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR), and SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) in analog-to-digital converters (ADCs).