Latest Technical Articles

Go from chaos to clarity by learning how to design programs for embedded systems leveraging the Warnier-Orr diagrams.

Go from chaos to clarity by learning how to design programs for embedded systems leveraging the Warnier-Orr diagrams.

The receiver in a digital PAM system must sample and measure the amplitude of a signal that is affected by the frequency…

The receiver in a digital PAM system must sample and measure the amplitude of a signal that is affected by the frequency response of the transmission channel.

Learn about the history and ins/outs of the Smith chart, as well as how it relates to the reflection coefficient and…

Learn about the history and ins/outs of the Smith chart, as well as how it relates to the reflection coefficient and makes calculating impedance easier.

Learn about the effect of mismatch loss on a lossy line, a method to reduce the mismatch loss through fixed attenuators,…

Learn about the effect of mismatch loss on a lossy line, a method to reduce the mismatch loss through fixed attenuators, and the statistical models of this error.

Learn how dithering can suppress both harmonic and non-harmonic spurs and two different types of dithering systems:…

Learn how dithering can suppress both harmonic and non-harmonic spurs and two different types of dithering systems: subtractive and non-subtractive topologies.

Learn about the Bluetooth low energy (BLE) wireless communication protocol, namely its features, protocol stack, and how…

Learn about the Bluetooth low energy (BLE) wireless communication protocol, namely its features, protocol stack, and how it communicates with devices.

Using the mismatch loss equations, learn about the effect of mismatch loss on RF power measurement and the gain of…

Using the mismatch loss equations, learn about the effect of mismatch loss on RF power measurement and the gain of cascaded amplifiers.

Learn more about RF wave reflection parameters, namely mismatch loss and mismatch uncertainty.

Learn more about RF wave reflection parameters, namely mismatch loss and mismatch uncertainty.

This article explores step-down switching power supplies that divide output current among multiple regulation subcircuits…

This article explores step-down switching power supplies that divide output current among multiple regulation subcircuits operating in parallel.

Learn about voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), return loss, and mismatch loss, which helps characterize the wave…

Learn about voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), return loss, and mismatch loss, which helps characterize the wave reflections in a radio frequency (RF) design.

Learn about double data rate (DDR) memory key concepts and applications surrounding this digital communication technique,…

Learn about double data rate (DDR) memory key concepts and applications surrounding this digital communication technique, where two data words are transferred during one clock cycle.

Learn about radio frequency (RF) wave propagation and reflection via transmission lines, equations, and example waveforms.

Learn about radio frequency (RF) wave propagation and reflection via transmission lines, equations, and example waveforms.

Learn how to derive the wave equations for a lossless transmission line and look at its infinite bandwidth and phase constant.

Learn how to derive the wave equations for a lossless transmission line and look at its infinite bandwidth and phase constant.

An encoding technique used for digital communication, pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) converts a discrete-time signal…

An encoding technique used for digital communication, pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) converts a discrete-time signal into a variable-amplitude continuous-time signal that is suitable for high-speed wired communication systems.

Through four different examples, learn about analog-to-digital converter (ADC) system error analysis.

Through four different examples, learn about analog-to-digital converter (ADC) system error analysis.

Serialization/deserialization circuitry, known collectively as SerDes, provides important benefits for digital…

Serialization/deserialization circuitry, known collectively as SerDes, provides important benefits for digital communication systems, especially when high data rates are required.

Learn about voltage waves and how they relate to an important basic concept of radio frequency (RF) circuit design:…

Learn about voltage waves and how they relate to an important basic concept of radio frequency (RF) circuit design: transmission lines.

Learn about characterizing different analog-to-digital converter (ADC) error sources such as resolution and accuracy.

Learn about characterizing different analog-to-digital converter (ADC) error sources such as resolution and accuracy.

Current sources are less familiar than voltage sources like batteries and AC wall power. Current sources usually are…

Current sources are less familiar than voltage sources like batteries and AC wall power. Current sources usually are buried, unseen, inside electronic circuitry. Learn what they are and how they are designed.