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Circuit and Operation of a D Flip-Flop

Circuit and Operation of a D Flip-Flop

D-type flip-flops are fundamental digital memory components. Here, we examine their input-output behavior and internal circuitry.


Shake It Off! A Digital Drawing Pad Inspired by the Iconic Etch A Sketch

Shake It Off! A Digital Drawing Pad Inspired by the Iconic Etch A Sketch

In this project, which uses the Arduino IDE, we create and demonstrate a digital drawing pad using an ESP32-based e-paper display dev board, rotary encoders for drawing control, and an accelerometer for shake detection to initiate an erase.


Using a Raspberry Pi Pico to Enhance a Vintage Radio Shack Microcomputer Kit

Using a Raspberry Pi Pico to Enhance a Vintage Radio Shack Microcomputer Kit

In this project, we’ll use a Raspberry Pi Pico to build an adjustable clock with an LED display. We’ll then integrate the clock with a Radio Shack Science Fair Microcomputer Trainer programmed to function as a 7-bit binary counter.


Projects Feb 11, 2024 by Don Wilcher
A Raspberry Pi Pico Controlled Frequency Shift Audio Oscillator:  A Radio Shack Classics Circuit Remix

A Raspberry Pi Pico Controlled Frequency Shift Audio Oscillator:  A Radio Shack Classics Circuit Remix

A PIR sensor detects objects to allow a Raspberry Pi Pico running MicroPython code to adjust the frequency of a Science Fair electronic oscillator circuit with audio output.


Projects Nov 26, 2023 by Don Wilcher
Understanding Hysteresis in Electronic Components and Circuits

Understanding Hysteresis in Electronic Components and Circuits

Learn about the behavior and benefits of hysteresis in comparator circuits, magnetic components, and high-power devices.


From VHDL Code to Real Hardware: Designing an 8-bit ALU

From VHDL Code to Real Hardware: Designing an 8-bit ALU

In this project we create an 8-bit arithmetic logic unit (ALU) in the VHDL language and run it on an Altera CPLD development board connected to a custom PCB with input switches and LED display.


Building a One-Shot Multivibrator with an ESP32 Terminal Display:  A Radio Shack Classics Circuit Remix

Building a One-Shot Multivibrator with an ESP32 Terminal Display:  A Radio Shack Classics Circuit Remix

In this hands-on project, we will update a 1980s version of a one-shot (monostable multivibrator) circuit by giving it a modern, colorful output while also examining the circuit's operation.


Projects Sep 17, 2023 by Don Wilcher
EM Side-Channel Attacks on Cryptography

EM Side-Channel Attacks on Cryptography

Electromagnetic-based side-channel attacks are non-invasive, meaning the attacker does not need physical access to the device to steal information. We’ll look at how these EM side-channel attacks work.


Transistor Controlled Switching of an LED Display: A Radio Shack Classics Circuit Remix

Transistor Controlled Switching of an LED Display: A Radio Shack Classics Circuit Remix

Let’s modernize a circuit from a Science Fair 150-in-1 Electronic Project kit using a solderless breadboard, new electronic components, online EDA tools, and an M5Stack Core microcontroller.


Projects Jul 09, 2023 by Don Wilcher
Fundamentals of Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD)

Fundamentals of Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD)

This article provides an introduction to the computational number system known as binary-coded decimal or BCD. This numeric encoding scheme is historically significant and still advantageous in certain applications.


Boolean Canonical Forms: Sum-of-Products and Product-of-Sums

Boolean Canonical Forms: Sum-of-Products and Product-of-Sums

Understanding two key Boolean canonical forms, the sum-of-products and the product-of-sums, is important in digital system design and optimization. We will introduce how to generate these forms and provide guidelines on when it is typically best to use each form.


What is an Application-specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)?

What is an Application-specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)?

Indispensable for modern electrical engineering, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) form a diverse group of integrated circuits (ICs) that help designers to optimize sophisticated electronic devices.


Controlling a Potentiometer-based Servo Motor Using a M5Stack Core

Controlling a Potentiometer-based Servo Motor Using a M5Stack Core

In this project, learn how to use a potentiometer's reading on the M5Stack core to control a servo motor.


Projects Jun 04, 2023 by Don Wilcher
What is an Image Processor? Turns Out the Answer is Hazy

What is an Image Processor? Turns Out the Answer is Hazy

Real-time image processing is a resource-intensive task that often requires specialized hardware. With that in mind, let's explore processors that are designed specifically for photo and video applications.


Creating a DCO-based Audio Synthesizer With an Arduino Nano

Creating a DCO-based Audio Synthesizer With an Arduino Nano

In this project, learn to create a digitally-controlled oscillator or DCO-based audio synthesizer with an Arduino Nano or an Arduino Uno.


Projects Apr 09, 2023 by Darby Hewitt
Designing Firmware for Embedded Systems Using Warnier-Orr Diagrams

Designing Firmware for Embedded Systems Using Warnier-Orr Diagrams

Go from chaos to clarity by learning how to design programs for embedded systems leveraging the Warnier-Orr diagrams.


Receiving and Sampling Signals in Digital Pulse Amplitude Modulation

Receiving and Sampling Signals in Digital Pulse Amplitude Modulation

The receiver in a digital PAM system must sample and measure the amplitude of a signal that is affected by the frequency response of the transmission channel.


Introduction to Double Data Rate (DDR) Memory

Introduction to Double Data Rate (DDR) Memory

Learn about double data rate (DDR) memory key concepts and applications surrounding this digital communication technique, where two data words are transferred during one clock cycle.


A Primer on Digital Pulse Amplitude Modulation

A Primer on Digital Pulse Amplitude Modulation

An encoding technique used for digital communication, pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) converts a discrete-time signal into a variable-amplitude continuous-time signal that is suitable for high-speed wired communication systems.


From Parallel to Serial and Back Again: Understanding SerDes

From Parallel to Serial and Back Again: Understanding SerDes

Serialization/deserialization circuitry, known collectively as SerDes, provides important benefits for digital communication systems, especially when high data rates are required.