Learn about the role of gain analysis in the design of unilateral RF amplifiers, first by reviewing the basic concepts and then by working through a pair of…
Learn about the role of gain analysis in the design of unilateral RF amplifiers, first by reviewing the basic concepts and then by working through a pair of design examples.
Stability analysis is an integral part of RF design. Learn the basics of stability analysis, including how to determine…
Stability analysis is an integral part of RF design. Learn the basics of stability analysis, including how to determine whether a device is unconditionally stable or potentially unstable.
This article introduces and compares Bluetooth Low Energy’s legacy advertising, extended advertising, and…
This article introduces and compares Bluetooth Low Energy’s legacy advertising, extended advertising, and connection-oriented data transfer modes.
In Bluetooth LE (BLE), security is a multifaceted beast. Learn the three main security modes of BLE, along with five…
In Bluetooth LE (BLE), security is a multifaceted beast. Learn the three main security modes of BLE, along with five critical BLE security procedures.
Understanding the causes of attenuation in a transmission line can help us choose the right solutions for our…
Understanding the causes of attenuation in a transmission line can help us choose the right solutions for our application. In this article, we’ll learn about attenuation caused by conductor loss and dielectric loss.
Pairing is an important concept in Bluetooth LE. Let’s examine the fundamentals of Bluetooth LE pairing, outlining how…
Pairing is an important concept in Bluetooth LE. Let’s examine the fundamentals of Bluetooth LE pairing, outlining how LE devices securely share keys between trusted devices.
Designing antennas for compact IoT devices is a tricky task, but an increasingly important one. Learn more about this…
Designing antennas for compact IoT devices is a tricky task, but an increasingly important one. Learn more about this challenge and how to meet it.
Learn the roles of the three security keys in Bluetooth LE—Long Term Key (LTK), Connection Signature Resolving Key…
Learn the roles of the three security keys in Bluetooth LE—Long Term Key (LTK), Connection Signature Resolving Key (CSRK), and Identity Resolving Key (IRK).
Learn how whitening filters solve problems in low-power radios when transmitting long identical bit sequences. Explore…
Learn how whitening filters solve problems in low-power radios when transmitting long identical bit sequences. Explore their significance in protocols like BLE and ZigBee.
Learn how ATT and GATT protocols help Bluetooth LE devices store and manage data, making it easier for connected devices…
Learn how ATT and GATT protocols help Bluetooth LE devices store and manage data, making it easier for connected devices to work together seamlessly.
To understand known vulnerabilities and attacks on Bluetooth LE devices, we review some studies from the past 4+ years.
To understand known vulnerabilities and attacks on Bluetooth LE devices, we review some studies from the past 4+ years.
Learn about Bluetooth LE's security features and tools, how to use them, and understand how they keep connections secure.
Learn about Bluetooth LE's security features and tools, how to use them, and understand how they keep connections secure.
Explore the seven states of the Bluetooth LE radio, how the link layer state machine manages the LE radio, and the roles…
Explore the seven states of the Bluetooth LE radio, how the link layer state machine manages the LE radio, and the roles of these states in wireless communication.
Learn another way to characterize RF noise components using noise temperature and how this concept clears up how noise…
Learn another way to characterize RF noise components using noise temperature and how this concept clears up how noise figure measurement instruments actually work.
Learn about slot antennas, namely their history, characteristics, and electromagnetic (EM) behavior for low-voltage,…
Learn about slot antennas, namely their history, characteristics, and electromagnetic (EM) behavior for low-voltage, small-form-factor electronic devices.
Learn about l-type impedance matching equations through the quality factor (Q factor) of RC and RL circuits and the…
Learn about l-type impedance matching equations through the quality factor (Q factor) of RC and RL circuits and the series-parallel conversion of these circuits.l-
Learn more about L-sections and impedance matching by designing T and Pi matching networks using a Smith chart.
Learn more about L-sections and impedance matching by designing T and Pi matching networks using a Smith chart.
Learn about the admittance Smith chart to analyze a parallel connection of resistors, capacitors, and inductors, and see…
Learn about the admittance Smith chart to analyze a parallel connection of resistors, capacitors, and inductors, and see the circuit's behavior over the swept frequency range.
Learn about the history and ins/outs of the Smith chart, as well as how it relates to the reflection coefficient and…
Learn about the history and ins/outs of the Smith chart, as well as how it relates to the reflection coefficient and makes calculating impedance easier.
Learn about the effect of mismatch loss on a lossy line, a method to reduce the mismatch loss through fixed attenuators,…
Learn about the effect of mismatch loss on a lossy line, a method to reduce the mismatch loss through fixed attenuators, and the statistical models of this error.
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