The formation of eddy currents can cause problems for magnetic cores at high frequencies. To mitigate these undesirable effects, we first need to understand them.
The formation of eddy currents can cause problems for magnetic cores at high frequencies. To mitigate these undesirable effects, we first need to understand them.
In this article, we use the concept of magnetic field intensity to help explain how complex permeability models the…
In this article, we use the concept of magnetic field intensity to help explain how complex permeability models the losses of a magnetic core.
We analyze a Ruthroff 1:4 transformer's performance at high frequencies, then learn how to improve its bandwidth using…
We analyze a Ruthroff 1:4 transformer's performance at high frequencies, then learn how to improve its bandwidth using equal-delay networks and how to redesign the circuit for higher impedance transformation ratios.
Learn how these classic RF transformers achieve broadband impedance transformation.
Learn how these classic RF transformers achieve broadband impedance transformation.
In this article, we explore two different methods for analyzing the impedance transformation ratio of a transmission line…
In this article, we explore two different methods for analyzing the impedance transformation ratio of a transmission line transformer.
In this article, we conclude our discussion of VNAs by walking through the steps of a SOLT calibration and examining the…
In this article, we conclude our discussion of VNAs by walking through the steps of a SOLT calibration and examining the potential non-idealities of its reference standards.
The 12-term error model is a simple, effective way of modeling systematic errors in vector network analyzer (VNA)…
The 12-term error model is a simple, effective way of modeling systematic errors in vector network analyzer (VNA) measurements. Learn about this model and an associated error correction technique in this article.
In this article, we compare the scope of factory and user calibration for vector network analyzers (VNAs). We then learn…
In this article, we compare the scope of factory and user calibration for vector network analyzers (VNAs). We then learn about the types of errors that calibration techniques can't correct.
In this project article, we design a handheld gaming console with wireless multiplayer functionality using ESP8266…
In this project article, we design a handheld gaming console with wireless multiplayer functionality using ESP8266 microcontrollers. We then program a game for it with the Arduino IDE.
Learn the basics of how vector network analyzer (VNA) calibration techniques correct measurement errors.
Learn the basics of how vector network analyzer (VNA) calibration techniques correct measurement errors.
This article explains how to estimate the dynamic range a vector network analyzer (VNA) needs for a given measurement,…
This article explains how to estimate the dynamic range a vector network analyzer (VNA) needs for a given measurement, then discusses four techniques for boosting the dynamic range to the required level.
In this article, we investigate two metrics used to characterize the performance of RF test and measurement systems.
In this article, we investigate two metrics used to characterize the performance of RF test and measurement systems.
In this article, we explore how the signal source and receivers of a VNA enable its function.
In this article, we explore how the signal source and receivers of a VNA enable its function.
Learn how bifilar coils can be used to build Gustav Guanella’s classic RF balun.
Learn how bifilar coils can be used to build Gustav Guanella’s classic RF balun.
Directional couplers are valuable tools for testing RF systems. However, the finite directivity of these devices can…
Directional couplers are valuable tools for testing RF systems. However, the finite directivity of these devices can cause measurement uncertainty. Learn more in this article.
Learn how a bifilar coil can be used to design transformers for high-frequency RF applications.
Learn how a bifilar coil can be used to design transformers for high-frequency RF applications.
In this article, we’ll learn about the limitations of magnetically coupled transformers in RF applications by modeling…
In this article, we’ll learn about the limitations of magnetically coupled transformers in RF applications by modeling the devices' high-frequency non-idealities.
Learn about the balun, a special type of transformer used in mixers, amplifiers, and signaling.
Learn about the balun, a special type of transformer used in mixers, amplifiers, and signaling.
As part of a vector network analyzer (VNA), a directional coupler enables us to characterize a device’s performance by…
As part of a vector network analyzer (VNA), a directional coupler enables us to characterize a device’s performance by its S-parameters. Read this article to learn more about this important piece of equipment.
Learn how a push-pull Class B amplifier functions, how to calculate its efficiency, and how its performance compares to…
Learn how a push-pull Class B amplifier functions, how to calculate its efficiency, and how its performance compares to the inductively-loaded Class A design.
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