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Building and Certifying an Open-Source IoT Controller, Part 3: Manufacturing and Testing

Building and Certifying an Open-Source IoT Controller, Part 3: Manufacturing and Testing

This four-part series walks through the development of the Anthilla Controller, an open-source Internet of Things (IoT) hardware platform. In Part 3, we cover the manufacturing, assembly, and product testing of the board.


Introduction to Class A Power Amplifiers: The Common-Emitter PA

Introduction to Class A Power Amplifiers: The Common-Emitter PA

RF amplifier design is a challenging task, involving trade-offs between linearity, efficiency, gain, and output power. Here, we examine how a common-emitter circuit can, or can't, function as a power amplifier.


Building and Certifying an Open-Source IoT Controller, Part 2: Open-Source Certification

Building and Certifying an Open-Source IoT Controller, Part 2: Open-Source Certification

In this four-part series, we walk through the development of the Anthilla Controller, an open-source Internet of Things (IoT) hardware platform. Part 2 explains the process and requirements of obtaining an open-source hardware certification.


Using the Available Power Gain to Design a Bilateral Low-Noise Amplifier

Using the Available Power Gain to Design a Bilateral Low-Noise Amplifier

Learn how the available power gain concept can help us solve the problem of designing a bilateral RF amplifier for a specified gain and noise figure.


Learn About Designing Unilateral Low-Noise Amplifiers

Learn About Designing Unilateral Low-Noise Amplifiers

In this article, we learn about noise parameters and use Smith charts to design a unilateral low-noise amplifier (LNA) for a specified gain.


Using the Operating Power Gain to Design a Bilateral RF Amplifier

Using the Operating Power Gain to Design a Bilateral RF Amplifier

For newbie RF designers, the field's variety of power gain definitions can cause confusion. This article explains how, why, and when to use the operating power gain definition in RF amplifier design.


Is Every Conductor an Antenna?

Is Every Conductor an Antenna?

Learn how conductive circuit components can function as antennas, even when they aren't intended to.


Wireless Module or SoC? Cost Considerations in IoT Design

Wireless Module or SoC? Cost Considerations in IoT Design

Should your IoT design use a wireless module or a System-on-Chip (SoC)? This article presents a deep dive into the cost implications of each option, assisting you in making an informed, cost-effective decision.


How to Design a Bilateral RF Amplifier for Maximum Gain

How to Design a Bilateral RF Amplifier for Maximum Gain

This article explores the design of bilateral RF amplifiers for maximum transducer gain, and explains how to assess whether an RF amplifier is bilateral or unilateral.


Designing a Unilateral RF Amplifier for a Specified Gain

Designing a Unilateral RF Amplifier for a Specified Gain

Learn about the role of gain analysis in the design of unilateral RF amplifiers, first by reviewing the basic concepts and then by working through a pair of design examples.


Unconditional Stability and Potential Instability in RF Amplifier Design

Unconditional Stability and Potential Instability in RF Amplifier Design

Stability analysis is an integral part of RF design. Learn the basics of stability analysis, including how to determine whether a device is unconditionally stable or potentially unstable.


Bluetooth Low Energy Data Transfer Modes: A Comparison

Bluetooth Low Energy Data Transfer Modes: A Comparison

This article introduces and compares Bluetooth Low Energy’s legacy advertising, extended advertising, and connection-oriented data transfer modes.


Bluetooth LE: Security Modes and Procedures Explained

Bluetooth LE: Security Modes and Procedures Explained

In Bluetooth LE (BLE), security is a multifaceted beast. Learn the three main security modes of BLE, along with five critical BLE security procedures.


Assessing Conductor and Dielectric Losses in Transmission Lines

Assessing Conductor and Dielectric Losses in Transmission Lines

Understanding the causes of attenuation in a transmission line can help us choose the right solutions for our application. In this article, we’ll learn about attenuation caused by conductor loss and dielectric loss.


Introduction to Dielectric Loss in Transmission Lines

Introduction to Dielectric Loss in Transmission Lines

Understanding the effect of dielectrics on transmission lines is an important aspect of many high frequency system designs. This article will introduce concepts like relative permittivity and loss tangent and describe how they affect the performance of transmission lines.


The Challenge of Integrating an Antenna Into Small IoT Devices

The Challenge of Integrating an Antenna Into Small IoT Devices

Designing antennas for compact IoT devices is a tricky task, but an increasingly important one. Learn more about this challenge and how to meet it.


Understanding Security Keys in Bluetooth Low Energy

Understanding Security Keys in Bluetooth Low Energy

Learn the roles of the three security keys in Bluetooth LE—Long Term Key (LTK), Connection Signature Resolving Key (CSRK), and Identity Resolving Key (IRK).


Whitening Filters Help Low-Power Radios Tackle Issues Caused by Long Identical Bit Sequences

Whitening Filters Help Low-Power Radios Tackle Issues Caused by Long Identical Bit Sequences

Learn how whitening filters solve problems in low-power radios when transmitting long identical bit sequences. Explore their significance in protocols like BLE and ZigBee.


ATT and GATT—How Bluetooth LE Devices Store Data

ATT and GATT—How Bluetooth LE Devices Store Data

Learn how ATT and GATT protocols help Bluetooth LE devices store and manage data, making it easier for connected devices to work together seamlessly.


Lossy Transmission Lines: Introduction to the Skin Effect

Lossy Transmission Lines: Introduction to the Skin Effect

This article introduces high-frequency conductor losses in transmission lines caused by a phenomenon known as the skin effect.