Learn how whitening filters solve problems in low-power radios when transmitting long identical bit sequences. Explore their significance in protocols like BLE…
Learn how whitening filters solve problems in low-power radios when transmitting long identical bit sequences. Explore their significance in protocols like BLE and ZigBee.
Learn how ATT and GATT protocols help Bluetooth LE devices store and manage data, making it easier for connected devices…
Learn how ATT and GATT protocols help Bluetooth LE devices store and manage data, making it easier for connected devices to work together seamlessly.
This article introduces high-frequency conductor losses in transmission lines caused by a phenomenon known as the skin effect.
This article introduces high-frequency conductor losses in transmission lines caused by a phenomenon known as the skin effect.
To understand known vulnerabilities and attacks on Bluetooth LE devices, we review some studies from the past 4+ years.
To understand known vulnerabilities and attacks on Bluetooth LE devices, we review some studies from the past 4+ years.
This article will help you understand losses in high-frequency transmission lines that include traces on PCBs. We will…
This article will help you understand losses in high-frequency transmission lines that include traces on PCBs. We will also investigate how these losses impact signal propagation and the quality of digital signals.
Understanding PCB material parameters such as relative permittivity and loss tangent allows us to discuss some important…
Understanding PCB material parameters such as relative permittivity and loss tangent allows us to discuss some important considerations for choosing the right material when designing a high-speed/high-frequency application.
The Y-factor method is a widely used technique for measuring the gain and noise figure (NF) of RF components. This…
The Y-factor method is a widely used technique for measuring the gain and noise figure (NF) of RF components. This article will help you understand the differences between the insertion gain and the available gain, while avoiding potentially significant errors when measuring the noise figure.
Learn about Bluetooth LE's security features and tools, how to use them, and understand how they keep connections secure.
Learn about Bluetooth LE's security features and tools, how to use them, and understand how they keep connections secure.
Explore the seven states of the Bluetooth LE radio, how the link layer state machine manages the LE radio, and the roles…
Explore the seven states of the Bluetooth LE radio, how the link layer state machine manages the LE radio, and the roles of these states in wireless communication.
Learn about measuring the noise figure (NF) using the Y factor method. We'll dive into using this to find the noise…
Learn about measuring the noise figure (NF) using the Y factor method. We'll dive into using this to find the noise factor, how to calibrate for noise temperature, and much more.
Learn another way to characterize RF noise components using noise temperature and how this concept clears up how noise…
Learn another way to characterize RF noise components using noise temperature and how this concept clears up how noise figure measurement instruments actually work.
Take a closer look at the definition of the RF noise figure and discuss some subtleties to help avoid erroneous…
Take a closer look at the definition of the RF noise figure and discuss some subtleties to help avoid erroneous interpretations of this specification.
Learn about impedance matching using a single stub, transmission lines, and immittance Smith chart examples.
Learn about impedance matching using a single stub, transmission lines, and immittance Smith chart examples.
Design a wideband analog multimeter to measure AC voltages and currents from 20 Hz to 1 MHz with a selectable sensitivity…
Design a wideband analog multimeter to measure AC voltages and currents from 20 Hz to 1 MHz with a selectable sensitivity from 1 mV to 100 V, while the ammeter has a selectable current sensitivity of 10 mA to 10 A.
Learn about impedance matching stub tuning using a Smith chart, as well as single and double stub tuning, impedance…
Learn about impedance matching stub tuning using a Smith chart, as well as single and double stub tuning, impedance contour, and the "forbidden region" of a Smith chart.
Learn about slot antennas, namely their history, characteristics, and electromagnetic (EM) behavior for low-voltage,…
Learn about slot antennas, namely their history, characteristics, and electromagnetic (EM) behavior for low-voltage, small-form-factor electronic devices.
Learn about l-type impedance matching equations through the quality factor (Q factor) of RC and RL circuits and the…
Learn about l-type impedance matching equations through the quality factor (Q factor) of RC and RL circuits and the series-parallel conversion of these circuits.l-
Learn more about L-sections and impedance matching by designing T and Pi matching networks using a Smith chart.
Learn more about L-sections and impedance matching by designing T and Pi matching networks using a Smith chart.
Learn about two-element networks (L-sections or L-networks), how they transform one impedance to another, their frequency…
Learn about two-element networks (L-sections or L-networks), how they transform one impedance to another, their frequency response, estimating their bandwidth, and their limitations leading to T networks.
Learn about the immittance Smith chart (ZY Smith chart), the effect of adding series and parallel components, impedance…
Learn about the immittance Smith chart (ZY Smith chart), the effect of adding series and parallel components, impedance matching, and finding a two-element matching network.
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