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Foundations for PLL Nonlinear Analysis: Modeling the Phase Detector and VCO

Foundations for PLL Nonlinear Analysis: Modeling the Phase Detector and VCO

The phase-locked loop (PLL) is widely used in contemporary analog and digital communication systems. In this article, we develop a nonlinear model for the analog PLL by analyzing its key components.


Infineon Unwraps High-Density TLVR Modules for Data Centers

Infineon Unwraps High-Density TLVR Modules for Data Centers

The dual-phase trans-inductance voltage regulator modules aim to bring compact, high-efficiency power to AI and HPC workloads.


News Oct 31, 2025 by Jake Hertz
Basic Principles and Implementation of the Quadrature FM Demodulator

Basic Principles and Implementation of the Quadrature FM Demodulator

Learn how an analog multiplier or AND gate can function as a quadrature detector for FM demodulation.


µA741: The Op Amp That Made Analog Simple

µA741: The Op Amp That Made Analog Simple

Released in 1968 by Fairchild, the µA741 brought internal frequency compensation and short-circuit protection to the op-amp world.


News Oct 24, 2025 by Luke James
The All About Analog and Power Summit Starts October 22

The All About Analog and Power Summit Starts October 22

It's almost time for you to join us for the 4th day of the 2025 All About Circuits Summit Series. Check out our handy guide to learn about the amazing free content available from industry-leading companies and experts.


News Oct 21, 2025 by Dale Wilson
FM-to-AM Conversion Using the Foster-Seeley Discriminator

FM-to-AM Conversion Using the Foster-Seeley Discriminator

Learn how the Foster-Seeley discriminator, a classic analog circuit for FM demodulation, achieves its superior linearity.


Understanding Slope Detectors for FM Demodulation

Understanding Slope Detectors for FM Demodulation

In this article, we'll analyze the single-tuned discriminator for FM-to-AM conversion. We'll then discuss the balanced discriminator and how it provides improved linearity across a wider bandwidth.


The NE555: The Timer That Refused to Quit

The NE555: The Timer That Refused to Quit

Born from a minimalist design brief in 1971, the NE555 delivered edge-triggered timing, pulse generation, and oscillation in one compact package, earning a place in everything from washing machines to rocket launchers.


News Oct 10, 2025 by Luke James
Introduction to Frequency Discriminators for FM Demodulation

Introduction to Frequency Discriminators for FM Demodulation

In this article, we will examine the basic principles of FM demodulation through the simplest frequency discriminator: a differentiator.


Siemens Unveils ‘Groundbreaking’ Software for Automated Analog IC Tests

Siemens Unveils ‘Groundbreaking’ Software for Automated Analog IC Tests

Siemens claims the new software allows users to test analog circuitry in integrated circuits up to 100 times faster than traditional methods.


News Oct 02, 2025 by Duane Benson
FM Generation Techniques: Solved Examples

FM Generation Techniques: Solved Examples

In this article, we'll solidify our understanding of the reactance modulator and Armstrong modulator circuits by working through a series of design problems.


Infineon Debuts Pair of Rugged MEMS Microphones for Harsh Environments

Infineon Debuts Pair of Rugged MEMS Microphones for Harsh Environments

Infineon designed the two new digital PDM microphones for high-quality audio capture in demanding and space-constrained environments.


News Sep 23, 2025 by Luke James
Armstrong’s Method of FM Generation

Armstrong’s Method of FM Generation

This article explores the concept of indirect FM generation and the basic operation of the Armstrong modulator.


Rohm Touts CMOS Op Amp for ‘Industry’s Lowest Operating Circuit Current’

Rohm Touts CMOS Op Amp for ‘Industry’s Lowest Operating Circuit Current’

Built for battery-operated devices, the new CMOS op amp enables ultra-efficient signal conditioning in wearables, IoT, and compact sensing applications.


News Sep 19, 2025 by Luke James
Your 2025 Back-to-School Guide to All About Circuits’ Educational Resources

Your 2025 Back-to-School Guide to All About Circuits’ Educational Resources

Are you a first year electronics engineering student? Or maybe working on a second or third degree in this field? All About Circuits has the resources you need: comprehensive textbooks, technical articles, calculators, videos, and more for your EE studies.


News Sep 19, 2025 by Jeff Child
SiTime Enters Resonator Market With Tiny MEMS-Based Devices

SiTime Enters Resonator Market With Tiny MEMS-Based Devices

Announced today, SiTime is expanding into a $4 billion resonator market with its Titan platform.


News Sep 17, 2025 by Jake Hertz
Understanding Varactor and PLL-Based FM Generation Using Crystal Oscillators

Understanding Varactor and PLL-Based FM Generation Using Crystal Oscillators

In this article, we examine two different methods of producing wideband FM signals. Both use crystal oscillators to provide improved frequency stability.


MEMS and Modular Platforms Drive Breakthroughs in Audio Designs

MEMS and Modular Platforms Drive Breakthroughs in Audio Designs

From AI glasses to earbuds to long-range Bluetooth audio, three new product wins highlight how MEMS and RF front-end technologies are reshaping wireless sound.


News Sep 10, 2025 by Luke James
Microchip Specializes GNSS Disciplined Oscillator Modules for Defense

Microchip Specializes GNSS Disciplined Oscillator Modules for Defense

The new timing solutions bring precise synchronization to harsh or signal-denied environments.


News Sep 08, 2025 by Jake Hertz
Improving the Frequency Deviation and Stability of a Direct FM Generator

Improving the Frequency Deviation and Stability of a Direct FM Generator

In this article, we explore the limitations of LC oscillators for direct FM generation and how to deal with them using multipliers and automatic frequency control (AFC) circuits.