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Armstrong’s Method of FM Generation

Armstrong’s Method of FM Generation

This article explores the concept of indirect FM generation and the basic operation of the Armstrong modulator.


Understanding Varactor and PLL-Based FM Generation Using Crystal Oscillators

Understanding Varactor and PLL-Based FM Generation Using Crystal Oscillators

In this article, we examine two different methods of producing wideband FM signals. Both use crystal oscillators to provide improved frequency stability.


Improving the Frequency Deviation and Stability of a Direct FM Generator

Improving the Frequency Deviation and Stability of a Direct FM Generator

In this article, we explore the limitations of LC oscillators for direct FM generation and how to deal with them using multipliers and automatic frequency control (AFC) circuits.


Antenna Innovations Come in Sizes Ranging from a Stamp to a School Bus

Antenna Innovations Come in Sizes Ranging from a Stamp to a School Bus

In this roundup, we spotlight small, medium, and large antenna announcements fortifying communication across industries, from drones to satellites.


News Sep 03, 2025 by Duane Benson
Using Varactor Diodes for FM Signal Generation

Using Varactor Diodes for FM Signal Generation

Learn how a varactor diode's variable capacitance, together with an LC tank circuit, can drive a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) to create FM waveforms.


An FM Generator Circuit Using the Capacitance of a Collector-Base Junction

An FM Generator Circuit Using the Capacitance of a Collector-Base Junction

In this article, we examine a reactance modulator design that employs the variable capacitance of a bipolar junction transistor to modulate the output of a Colpitts oscillator.


Introduction to Reactance Modulators for Generating FM Signals

Introduction to Reactance Modulators for Generating FM Signals

In this article, we'll introduce the fundamental concepts of direct FM generation and examine a key FM modulation circuit: the reactance modulator.


Three Methods for Estimating the Transmission Bandwidth of FM Signals

Three Methods for Estimating the Transmission Bandwidth of FM Signals

Along with introducing Carson's rule for bandwidth estimation, this article explains how to calculate the required transmission bandwidth based on either the sidebands or the total power of the signal.


Introduction to Wideband FM Signals

Introduction to Wideband FM Signals

Learn how Bessel functions and the modulation index can help us understand the bandwidth of wideband frequency-modulated (FM) signals.


Dynamic Nonlinearity in RF Power Amplifiers: Insights From Two-Tone Testing

Dynamic Nonlinearity in RF Power Amplifiers: Insights From Two-Tone Testing

This article explores the effect of signal bandwidth on the linearity of power amplifiers, including the impacts of cascaded RF gain stages.


Practical Insights Into Narrowband FM With a Single-Frequency Input

Practical Insights Into Narrowband FM With a Single-Frequency Input

In this article, we’ll use phasor diagrams to compare narrowband FM and conventional AM. We’ll also discuss the problem of oscillator phase noise and work through an example problem.


SiTime Unveils Software for Data Center and Network Time Synchronization

SiTime Unveils Software for Data Center and Network Time Synchronization

Announced today, the new software works with SiTime hardware to create the most accurate and reliable data center, networking, and communications timing system.


News Jun 30, 2025 by Duane Benson
Understanding the Third-Order Intercept Point of a Cascaded System

Understanding the Third-Order Intercept Point of a Cascaded System

Using the third-order intercept point (IP3) metric, we examine how the nonlinearity of individual gain stages in a cascaded RF system affects the linearity performance of the cascade as a whole.


Photonics, Power, and Packaging at the 6G Research Frontier

Photonics, Power, and Packaging at the 6G Research Frontier

Researchers are tackling key 6G challenges—from ultra-fast photonic AI for real-time RF processing to novel GaN amplifier behavior and ultra-compact phased-array packaging.


News Jun 26, 2025 by Luke James
Taoglas PC60 and PC66 Cellular PCB Antennas | New Product Brief

Taoglas PC60 and PC66 Cellular PCB Antennas | New Product Brief

Taoglas PC60 and PC66 Cellular PCB Antennas provide compact, high-performance 5G, 4G, and LTE connectivity across a wide 617MHz to 6000MHz frequency range. Watch and learn all about their features, specs, applications, and more!


Understanding Dynamic Range and Spurious-Free Dynamic Range in RF Systems

Understanding Dynamic Range and Spurious-Free Dynamic Range in RF Systems

Learn to calculate the upper and lower limits of a circuit’s dynamic range and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR).


Mini-Circuits PMA1-14LN+ Low Noise Amplifier | New Product Brief

Mini-Circuits PMA1-14LN+ Low Noise Amplifier | New Product Brief

Mini-Circuits PMA1-14LN+ Low Noise Amplifier is a compact, wideband pHEMT MMIC amplifier designed for high-performance RF applications from 50 MHz to 10 GHz. Watch and learn all about their features, specs, applications, and more!


Understanding the Differences Between Phase and Frequency Modulation

Understanding the Differences Between Phase and Frequency Modulation

Learn why phase modulation (PM) and frequency modulation (FM) can produce waveforms that are nearly identical or completely different from one another, depending on the nature of the message signal.


A Guide to Calculating IM3 and IP3 for Nonlinear RF Circuits

A Guide to Calculating IM3 and IP3 for Nonlinear RF Circuits

Learn to confidently determine intermodulation distortion products and the third-order intercept point of RF circuits by working through a selection of example problems.


Startup Intros ‘Most Advanced’ Multi-Gigahertz Timing and Clock Devices

Startup Intros ‘Most Advanced’ Multi-Gigahertz Timing and Clock Devices

Unveiled today, the new timing chips from Mixed-Signal Devices offer 2 GHz performance and use scalable CMOS to overcome the limits of analog alternatives.


News Jun 03, 2025 by Jeff Child