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How to Design a Precision Current Pump with Op-Amps

How to Design a Precision Current Pump with Op-Amps

This article discusses a voltage-controlled current-source circuit that requires only two op-amps and a handful of resistors.


Finding Statistical Significance from t-Tests Applied to Engineered Systems

Finding Statistical Significance from t-Tests Applied to Engineered Systems

This article discusses important aspects of t-testing with the help of the example experiment presented in the previous article.


Understanding Radiated Electromagnetic Compatibility Tests

Understanding Radiated Electromagnetic Compatibility Tests

This article is the second in a two-part series that reviews the basics of electromagnetic compatibility tests. We'll now turn our attention to radiated EMC tests.


Applying the t-Test to Engineered Systems

Applying the t-Test to Engineered Systems

This article provides an example of how we can use t-testing to determine if an experiment has produced a statistically significant change in system performance.


Understanding t-Values and Testing for Statistical Significance

Understanding t-Values and Testing for Statistical Significance

This article explains how t-values are calculated and used to decide whether experimental data indicate a relationship between variables.


Understanding Electromagnetic Compatibility Tests: Conducted EMC

Understanding Electromagnetic Compatibility Tests: Conducted EMC

This article is the first in a two-part series that reviews the basics of electromagnetic compatibility tests. First, we'll focus on a main category of EMC tests—conducted EMC—and the relevant test setup.


The Effect of MOS Non-Idealities on VLSI Circuit Reliability

The Effect of MOS Non-Idealities on VLSI Circuit Reliability

Learn about various non-idealities of MOS transistors and the effects they have on VLSI system reliability.


Understanding the t-Distribution in Tests for Statistical Significance

Understanding the t-Distribution in Tests for Statistical Significance

This article introduces a statistical distribution used in significance testing. We’ll discuss its importance and its relation with the normal distribution.


Statistical Significance in Experimentation and Data Analysis

Statistical Significance in Experimentation and Data Analysis

What exactly do scientists and researchers mean when they state that something is or is not statistically significant? How do we establish statistical significance, and how do we interpret it?


A Brief Review of the Tools and Parameters of EMC Testing

A Brief Review of the Tools and Parameters of EMC Testing

While most electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests are conducted in specialized laboratories, electrical engineers can still benefit from knowing the basics of EMC testing.


Finding Statistical Relationships with Correlation Coefficients

Finding Statistical Relationships with Correlation Coefficients

The Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients are standard techniques for inferring causation by calculating the strength of a linear or monotonic relationship between two variables.


Non-Idealities in VLSI Circuits

Non-Idealities in VLSI Circuits

This article discusses VLSI (very-large-scale integration) circuits and the sources of non-idealities that affect MOS transistors.


Understanding Contrast, Histograms, and Standard Deviation in Digital Imagery

Understanding Contrast, Histograms, and Standard Deviation in Digital Imagery

Statistical techniques can help us to analyze the distribution of light and dark tones in an image.


What Is the Sinc Function and Why Is It Important in Electrical Engineering?

What Is the Sinc Function and Why Is It Important in Electrical Engineering?

This Frequent Engineering Question gives a quick overview of a mathematical function that appears frequently in digital signal processing.


Finding Statistical Relationships: Correlation, Causation, and Covariance

Finding Statistical Relationships: Correlation, Causation, and Covariance

This article explains a statistical measure that helps us to draw conclusions about how one variable affects another.


Understanding Parametric Tests, Skewness, and Kurtosis

Understanding Parametric Tests, Skewness, and Kurtosis

This article introduces important subcategories of inferential statistical tests and discusses descriptive statistical measures related to the normal distribution.


Using a Supervisory Circuit to Turn a Conventional SRAM into Fast Non-Volatile Memory

Using a Supervisory Circuit to Turn a Conventional SRAM into Fast Non-Volatile Memory

How can you build a fast non-volatile memory from a conventional SRAM? It turns out, you only need a back-up battery and some control circuitry.


The Cumulative Distribution Function in Normally Distributed Data

The Cumulative Distribution Function in Normally Distributed Data

This article explains how we obtain the Gaussian cumulative distribution function and why it is useful in statistical analysis.


The Normal Distribution: Understanding Histograms and Probability

The Normal Distribution: Understanding Histograms and Probability

This article continues our exploration of the normal distribution while reviewing the concept of a histogram and introducing the probability mass function.


Designing I/O Drivers for Integrated Circuit I2C Modules

Designing I/O Drivers for Integrated Circuit I2C Modules

This article discusses designing input/output drivers for integrated circuit I2C modules.