All About Circuits

Latest Technical Articles

Categories

Determining Dynamic Range of CCD Image Sensors

Determining Dynamic Range of CCD Image Sensors

This article explains how CCD construction, operating parameters, and external signal-processing circuitry contribute to the maximum variation in luminance that CCD imaging hardware can capture.


Using EMI Shielding to Reduce Radiated Emissions in Electronic Designs

Using EMI Shielding to Reduce Radiated Emissions in Electronic Designs

Learn the basic concepts of EMI shieldings, including types of shielding options and the calculation for determining shielding effectiveness.


Quantum Efficiency and Signal-to-Noise Ratio in CCD Image Sensors

Quantum Efficiency and Signal-to-Noise Ratio in CCD Image Sensors

In this article, we’ll draw upon our knowledge of noise sources and combine it with some new information to create a comprehensive model for CCD noise performance.


Photon Noise, Read Noise, and Reset Noise in CCD Image Sensors

Photon Noise, Read Noise, and Reset Noise in CCD Image Sensors

In this article, we’ll take a look at electrical and optical conditions that contribute to reduced image quality in CCD camera systems.


Dark Noise in CCD Image Sensors

Dark Noise in CCD Image Sensors

This article introduces the concept of image noise and discusses one noise source that plays a prominent role in the design of CCD systems.


Anti-Aliasing Filters: Applying Sampling Theory to ADC Design

Anti-Aliasing Filters: Applying Sampling Theory to ADC Design

This article examines an important aspect of the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem and explains its connection to the need for anti-aliasing filters in analog-to-digital conversion.


The Nyquist–Shannon Sampling Theorem: Exceeding the Nyquist Rate

The Nyquist–Shannon Sampling Theorem: Exceeding the Nyquist Rate

This article continues our series on sampling theory by explaining the importance of oversampling in real-life mixed-signal systems.


Using Pressure Sensors to Adjust the Oxygen Concentration: An Electrical Engineer’s Intro to Mechanical Ventilation

Using Pressure Sensors to Adjust the Oxygen Concentration: An Electrical Engineer’s Intro to Mechanical Ventilation

In this article, we’ll look at additional applications of pressure sensors in mechanical ventilation.


The Nyquist–Shannon Theorem in the Frequency Domain

The Nyquist–Shannon Theorem in the Frequency Domain

This article continues our discussion of sampling theory and introduces the concept of aliasing.


The Nyquist–Shannon Theorem: Understanding Sampled Systems

The Nyquist–Shannon Theorem: Understanding Sampled Systems

The Nyquist sampling theorem, or more accurately the Nyquist-Shannon theorem, is a fundamental theoretical principle that governs the design of mixed-signal electronic systems.


Pixel Readout and Frame Rate in CCD Imaging Systems

Pixel Readout and Frame Rate in CCD Imaging Systems

This article continues our exploration of frame rate in relation to the structure and implementation of a CCD image sensor.


CCD Image Sensors: What Is Frame Rate?

CCD Image Sensors: What Is Frame Rate?

This article explores the relationship between CCD readout characteristics and the maximum rate at which images can be generated.


CCD Binning in Imaging Systems: Increasing Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Frame Rate

CCD Binning in Imaging Systems: Increasing Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Frame Rate

This article explains a technique that allows us to incorporate flexibility into the operational parameters of a CCD imaging system.


The Back-Illuminated CCD: Improving Light Sensitivity

The Back-Illuminated CCD: Improving Light Sensitivity

This article discusses a specialized type of CCD that increases manufacturing complexity but also mitigates performance limitations associated with the more standard approach to CCD implementation.


An Engineer’s Introduction to Mechanical Ventilation

An Engineer’s Introduction to Mechanical Ventilation

Learn about the basics of mechanical ventilation in terms of subsystems, control loops, and algorithms.


What Is a Printed Circuit Board (PCB)?

What Is a Printed Circuit Board (PCB)?

This FEQ (Frequent Engineering Question) gives you essential information about the most important and widespread technique for converting a theoretical circuit into a functional physical device.


Sampling, Amplifying, and Digitizing CCD Output Signals

Sampling, Amplifying, and Digitizing CCD Output Signals

In this article, we’ll see that the amount of noise in image data from a CCD sensor can be greatly reduced by a technique known as correlated double sampling.


Understanding CCD Output Signals

Understanding CCD Output Signals

This article discusses charge-amplification techniques and explains the characteristics of the voltage waveform that contains a CCD’s pixel data.


How to Build a Variational Autoencoder with TensorFlow

How to Build a Variational Autoencoder with TensorFlow

Learn the key parts of an autoencoder, how a variational autoencoder improves on it, and how to build and train a variational autoencoder using TensorFlow.


Charge-Coupled Device Clocking Techniques for CCD Readout

Charge-Coupled Device Clocking Techniques for CCD Readout

This article continues the Image Sensor Technology series by examining details involved in the movement of light-generated electric charge within a CCD.