This article will help you understand losses in high-frequency transmission lines that include traces on PCBs. We will also investigate how these losses impact…
This article will help you understand losses in high-frequency transmission lines that include traces on PCBs. We will also investigate how these losses impact signal propagation and the quality of digital signals.
Understanding PCB material parameters such as relative permittivity and loss tangent allows us to discuss some important…
Understanding PCB material parameters such as relative permittivity and loss tangent allows us to discuss some important considerations for choosing the right material when designing a high-speed/high-frequency application.
The Y-factor method is a widely used technique for measuring the gain and noise figure (NF) of RF components. This…
The Y-factor method is a widely used technique for measuring the gain and noise figure (NF) of RF components. This article will help you understand the differences between the insertion gain and the available gain, while avoiding potentially significant errors when measuring the noise figure.
Learn about Bluetooth LE's security features and tools, how to use them, and understand how they keep connections secure.
Learn about Bluetooth LE's security features and tools, how to use them, and understand how they keep connections secure.
Explore the seven states of the Bluetooth LE radio, how the link layer state machine manages the LE radio, and the roles…
Explore the seven states of the Bluetooth LE radio, how the link layer state machine manages the LE radio, and the roles of these states in wireless communication.
Learn about measuring the noise figure (NF) using the Y factor method. We'll dive into using this to find the noise…
Learn about measuring the noise figure (NF) using the Y factor method. We'll dive into using this to find the noise factor, how to calibrate for noise temperature, and much more.
Learn another way to characterize RF noise components using noise temperature and how this concept clears up how noise…
Learn another way to characterize RF noise components using noise temperature and how this concept clears up how noise figure measurement instruments actually work.
Take a closer look at the definition of the RF noise figure and discuss some subtleties to help avoid erroneous…
Take a closer look at the definition of the RF noise figure and discuss some subtleties to help avoid erroneous interpretations of this specification.
Learn about impedance matching using a single stub, transmission lines, and immittance Smith chart examples.
Learn about impedance matching using a single stub, transmission lines, and immittance Smith chart examples.
Learn about slot antennas, namely their history, characteristics, and electromagnetic (EM) behavior for low-voltage,…
Learn about slot antennas, namely their history, characteristics, and electromagnetic (EM) behavior for low-voltage, small-form-factor electronic devices.
Learn about l-type impedance matching equations through the quality factor (Q factor) of RC and RL circuits and the…
Learn about l-type impedance matching equations through the quality factor (Q factor) of RC and RL circuits and the series-parallel conversion of these circuits.l-
Learn more about L-sections and impedance matching by designing T and Pi matching networks using a Smith chart.
Learn more about L-sections and impedance matching by designing T and Pi matching networks using a Smith chart.
Learn about two-element networks (L-sections or L-networks), how they transform one impedance to another, their frequency…
Learn about two-element networks (L-sections or L-networks), how they transform one impedance to another, their frequency response, estimating their bandwidth, and their limitations leading to T networks.
Learn about the immittance Smith chart (ZY Smith chart), the effect of adding series and parallel components, impedance…
Learn about the immittance Smith chart (ZY Smith chart), the effect of adding series and parallel components, impedance matching, and finding a two-element matching network.
Learn about the admittance Smith chart to analyze a parallel connection of resistors, capacitors, and inductors, and see…
Learn about the admittance Smith chart to analyze a parallel connection of resistors, capacitors, and inductors, and see the circuit's behavior over the swept frequency range.
Learn how a series RLC circuit with arbitrary component values can be represented as a point on the Smith chart and how…
Learn how a series RLC circuit with arbitrary component values can be represented as a point on the Smith chart and how an impedance contour on the Smith chart can be used to describe the circuit's frequency response.
The receiver in a digital PAM system must sample and measure the amplitude of a signal that is affected by the frequency…
The receiver in a digital PAM system must sample and measure the amplitude of a signal that is affected by the frequency response of the transmission channel.
Learn about the history and ins/outs of the Smith chart, as well as how it relates to the reflection coefficient and…
Learn about the history and ins/outs of the Smith chart, as well as how it relates to the reflection coefficient and makes calculating impedance easier.
Learn about the effect of mismatch loss on a lossy line, a method to reduce the mismatch loss through fixed attenuators,…
Learn about the effect of mismatch loss on a lossy line, a method to reduce the mismatch loss through fixed attenuators, and the statistical models of this error.
Learn about the Bluetooth low energy (BLE) wireless communication protocol, namely its features, protocol stack, and how…
Learn about the Bluetooth low energy (BLE) wireless communication protocol, namely its features, protocol stack, and how it communicates with devices.
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