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Exponential and Piecewise-Linear Analysis in Forward-Conducting Diode Circuits

Exponential and Piecewise-Linear Analysis in Forward-Conducting Diode Circuits

This article presents three analysis methods in which a diode is modeled using an exponential current–voltage relationship or a threshold-based linear relationship.


Simplified Circuit-Analysis Techniques for Forward-Conducting Diode Circuits

Simplified Circuit-Analysis Techniques for Forward-Conducting Diode Circuits

This article explains two methods that we use to evaluate the currents and voltages that are present in a circuit that includes one or more diodes.


The Exponential Current–Voltage Relationship in Forward-Conducting Diodes

The Exponential Current–Voltage Relationship in Forward-Conducting Diodes

This article provides foundational information on the electrical behavior of forward-biased diodes.


Analog and Digital Implementation of a Synchronous Demodulator

Analog and Digital Implementation of a Synchronous Demodulator

In this article, we’ll take a look at the analog blocks for implementing the square wave-based synchronous demodulator.


Using Power Spectral Density (PSD) to Characterize Noise

Using Power Spectral Density (PSD) to Characterize Noise

Learn about how power spectral density (PSD) helps us to examine the effect of a noise source on the output of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system.


Watchdog Timers in Microcontrollers

Watchdog Timers in Microcontrollers

This article is the fourth of a series on microcontroller timers which discusses internal watchdogs.


 Real Time Clocks (RTCs) in Microcontroller Timers

Real Time Clocks (RTCs) in Microcontroller Timers

This article is the third of a series on microcontroller timers which describes the RTCs inside a microcontroller.


Synchronous Demodulation Using Analog Multipliers vs. Switch-based Multipliers

Synchronous Demodulation Using Analog Multipliers vs. Switch-based Multipliers

In this article, we’ll look at the pros and cons of using a switch-based multiplier.


Signal Processing Using Neural Networks: Validation in Neural Network Design

Signal Processing Using Neural Networks: Validation in Neural Network Design

This article explains why validation is particularly important when we’re processing data using a neural network.


Analog Design Trade-Offs in Applying Linearization Techniques Using Example CMOS Circuits

Analog Design Trade-Offs in Applying Linearization Techniques Using Example CMOS Circuits

This article will look at the trade-offs we face when trying to improve the linearity of a circuit.


Assessing the ADC SNR and SFDR for Communications Systems

Assessing the ADC SNR and SFDR for Communications Systems

In this article, we will see how we can determine the SFDR for an ADC used in a radio receiver. Also, we’ll examine the ADC SNR requirement for this application.


Introduction to the Synchronous Demodulation

Introduction to the Synchronous Demodulation

This article will discuss the basic idea behind the synchronous demodulation technique.


The Good and the Bad of MCU Internal Oscillators

The Good and the Bad of MCU Internal Oscillators

This article describes the benefits and requirements of the internal RC oscillator often available inside many low-cost Microcontroller units, including the calibration procedure to obtain the best possible accuracy.


Understanding Different Definitions of the Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) Specification

Understanding Different Definitions of the Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) Specification

In this article, we’ll look at the spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) which is a popular specification for quantifying the linearity of a circuit.


Noise in Electronics Engineering: Distribution, Noise RMS and Peak-to-Peak Value, and Power Spectral Density

Noise in Electronics Engineering: Distribution, Noise RMS and Peak-to-Peak Value, and Power Spectral Density

In this article, we’ll first examine an important feature of common noise sources: the relationship between the noise root mean square (RMS) and peak-to-peak value.


What an Electronics Engineer Needs to Know About Noise

What an Electronics Engineer Needs to Know About Noise

In this article, we’ll try to develop insight into some of the most important characteristics of the noise sources that we commonly have to deal with in electronics engineering.


Understanding Collector Current in BJT Beta Variations

Understanding Collector Current in BJT Beta Variations

This article looks at factors that can alter the functionality of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) by causing variations in its forward current gain.


Integrator Limitations: Active Phase-Error Compensation

Integrator Limitations: Active Phase-Error Compensation

In this article, we will discuss active phase-error compensation and how it can prevent Q enhancement.


Use Signal Averaging to Increase the Accuracy of Your Measurements

Use Signal Averaging to Increase the Accuracy of Your Measurements

In this article, we'll discuss the signal averaging method, a noise reduction technique, and how it can help increase the accuracy of your signal measurements.


What Is BJT Beta? Understanding the Current Gain of a Bipolar Junction Transistor

What Is BJT Beta? Understanding the Current Gain of a Bipolar Junction Transistor

If you’ve ever been confused about the different terms related to the gain of a bipolar junction transistor, read on.