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Negative Feedback, Part 9: Breaking the Loop

Negative Feedback, Part 9: Breaking the Loop

A simple “break-the-feedback-loop” simulation technique makes for convenient stability analysis, especially with complex circuits.


Negative Feedback, Part 8: Analyzing Transimpedance Amplifier Stability

Negative Feedback, Part 8: Analyzing Transimpedance Amplifier Stability

The techniques discussed in previous articles can help us to understand and remedy stability problems observed in a common circuit used to amplify photodiode signals.


Negative Feedback, Part 7: Frequency-Dependent Feedback

Negative Feedback, Part 7: Frequency-Dependent Feedback

This article will help you to understand why the frequency response of a feedback network can seriously, and sometimes unexpectedly, degrade stability.


Negative Feedback, Part 6: New and Improved Stability Analysis

Negative Feedback, Part 6: New and Improved Stability Analysis

This article will show you a handy alternative approach to assessing stability via open-loop gain and the feedback factor.


Negative Feedback, Part 5: Gain Margin and Phase Margin

Negative Feedback, Part 5: Gain Margin and Phase Margin

How to use frequency-domain simulations to analyze loop gain and evaluate the stability of your amplifier circuit. We need a way to determine whether a circuit is sufficiently stable—in other words, stable enough to ensure that the circuit will perform properly despite part-to-part variations and environmental or operational conditions that affect the characteristics of the open-loop gain or the feedback network. There is where gain margin and phase margin come into play.


Negative Feedback, Part 4: Introduction to Stability

Negative Feedback, Part 4: Introduction to Stability

Why are negative-feedback amplifiers susceptible to oscillation? What is the fundamental criterion for stability? Let’s find out.


Negative Feedback Part 3: Improving Noise, Linearity, and Impedance

Negative Feedback Part 3: Improving Noise, Linearity, and Impedance

Use negative feedback to increase your amplifier’s signal-to-noise ratio, reduce its nonlinear distortion, and improve its input- and output-impedance characteristics.


Negative Feedback, Part 2: Improving Gain Sensitivity and Bandwidth

Negative Feedback, Part 2: Improving Gain Sensitivity and Bandwidth

Having introduced the general negative feedback structure, we will now demonstrate that negative feedback has a beneficial effect on two important characteristics of amplifier circuits.


Negative Feedback, Part 1: General Structure and Essential Concepts

Negative Feedback, Part 1: General Structure and Essential Concepts

This article, the first in a series, will introduce you to the fundamental concepts required for understanding and analyzing negative feedback amplifiers.


EFM8 Sound Synthesizer: Driving the Speaker

EFM8 Sound Synthesizer: Driving the Speaker

Part 2 in the “How to Make an EFM8-Based Sound Synthesizer” series.


Projects Sep 11, 2015 by Robert Keim
More First Order Opamp Circuits - Differentiators

More First Order Opamp Circuits - Differentiators

All of our previous circuits dealt with opamps using resistors in the feedback loop. What happens when we start swapping out resistors for other passive components?


Ambient Light Monitor: Zero-Cross Detection

Ambient Light Monitor: Zero-Cross Detection

Part 4 in the “How to Make an Ambient Light Monitor” series


Projects Aug 16, 2015 by Robert Keim
Ambient Light Monitor: Understanding and Implementing the ADC

Ambient Light Monitor: Understanding and Implementing the ADC

Part 2 in the "How to Make an Ambient Light Monitor" Series. Our smart ambient light monitor will need to digitize and analyze signals from an optical detector, so it is time to explore the EFM8’s integrated analog-to-digital conversion functionality.


Projects Aug 05, 2015 by Robert Keim
Intermediate LTSpice Tutorial

Intermediate LTSpice Tutorial

LTSpice possesses several features that can be used to test your design beyond simple transient analysis and AC sweeps. This article will go over a few advanced functions.


Introduction to Arduino SPI Library with LTC1286 and DAC714

Introduction to Arduino SPI Library with LTC1286 and DAC714

Introduction to the Arduino SPI Library with example sketch for the LTC1286 12 Bit ADC and the DAC714 16 bit DAC.


Projects Jul 17, 2015 by Aaron Dennis
Build Your Own Alarm System with an LM386 Amplifier and an NPN Transistor

Build Your Own Alarm System with an LM386 Amplifier and an NPN Transistor

Build an analog booby-trap alarm system with an LM386 amplifier and an NPN transistor. This alarm system is activated by a trip sensor that sets off a screeching noise, alerting everyone and scaring off thieves.


Projects Jul 13, 2015 by Patrick Lloyd
Understanding Noise and PSRR in LDOs

Understanding Noise and PSRR in LDOs

The effect of noise and Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) in Low-dropout (LDO) regulators.


Mad with Power: An Introduction to Power Processing

Mad with Power: An Introduction to Power Processing

The core concept of power processing can be explained together with several significant applications of power electronics. Power electronics is the technology of processing and controlling the flow of electric power by modifying and supplying the voltage and current in a form that is best suitable to the customer at the load end.


AC-Equivalent Circuit Modelling

AC-Equivalent Circuit Modelling

The basic converters complete equivalent circuits can be studied here which include the basic AC modeling approach and the results for several converters. A simple circuit diagram is used for high-frequency converters. We will construct the non-linear model and convert it into a linear circuit that describes the small-signal performance of a circuit.