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Designing a Wideband Analog Voltage and Current Meter

Designing a Wideband Analog Voltage and Current Meter

Design a wideband analog multimeter to measure AC voltages and currents from 20 Hz to 1 MHz with a selectable sensitivity from 1 mV to 100 V, while the ammeter has a selectable current sensitivity of 10 mA to 10 A.


Projects May 03, 2023 by John Woodgate
Can Voltage Be Negative? Understanding Negative Voltage

Can Voltage Be Negative? Understanding Negative Voltage

In addition to explaining the nature of a negative voltage, this article briefly discusses how negative voltages are generated and why they are useful in circuit design.


Op Amp and Transistor-based Analog Square Wave Generator Design

Op Amp and Transistor-based Analog Square Wave Generator Design

Analog oscillator circuits are commonly used to create square wave clock signals for the timing of synchronous circuits. This article covers the theory, design, and key features of analog square wave generators.


Electronic Component Aging—the Aging Effects of Resistors and Op-amps

Electronic Component Aging—the Aging Effects of Resistors and Op-amps

Learn about the aging behavior of resistors and amplifiers using temperature calculations and the Arrhenius equation to understand resistor drift, resistor stability, and op-amp drift.


Understanding Charge Amplifier Errors—Time Constant and Drift

Understanding Charge Amplifier Errors—Time Constant and Drift

Learn about charge amplifier limitations at low frequencies, the effects of time constants, and how the drift phenomenon can also introduce errors in low-frequency measurements.


Processing a Piezoelectric Accelerometer Output Using a Charge Amplifier

Processing a Piezoelectric Accelerometer Output Using a Charge Amplifier

Learn about charge amplifiers which are used for charge output conversion of a piezoelectric sensor into a usable voltage signal.


What is it About Audio Distortion? Understanding Nonlinearity

What is it About Audio Distortion? Understanding Nonlinearity

Learn about how system nonlinearity creates distortion in audio signals that impacts the sounds we hear. We will examine sine waves, harmonics, and intermodulation distortion.


PCB Layout Techniques for Reducing Harmonic Distortion of a Differential ADC Driver

PCB Layout Techniques for Reducing Harmonic Distortion of a Differential ADC Driver

Summary


How to Use Decoupling Capacitor Placement to Reduce Harmonic Distortion

How to Use Decoupling Capacitor Placement to Reduce Harmonic Distortion

Learn how to reduce second harmonic distortion by following some guidelines for placing decoupling capacitors in your PCB layout.


Reducing Second Harmonic Distortion with Symmetrical PCB Layout

Reducing Second Harmonic Distortion with Symmetrical PCB Layout

Need a low-distortion ADC interface? In this article, we'll discuss how to reduce 2nd harmonic distortion by using symmetric PCB layout.


The History of Vacuum Tubes: An Era Away

The History of Vacuum Tubes: An Era Away

While semiconductor devices make possible the lightweight 'gadgets' we enjoy, our electronic world was built on devices that operated on a different scale. Let's take a look at vacuum tubes!


Construction of a Guitar Amplifier

Construction of a Guitar Amplifier

This article explains the theory and the construction of the circuit of a 10W practice guitar amplifier.


How to Design a Precision Current Pump with Op-Amps

How to Design a Precision Current Pump with Op-Amps

This article discusses a voltage-controlled current-source circuit that requires only two op-amps and a handful of resistors.


Basic Fundamentals of Lock-In Amplifiers

Basic Fundamentals of Lock-In Amplifiers

This article discusses the theory fundamentals of lock-in amplifiers.


Achieving High DC Precision Using Composite Op-Amps

Achieving High DC Precision Using Composite Op-Amps

In Part 5 of this series on composite amplifiers, we'll discuss how to achieve higher DC precision.


How to Increase Slew Rate in Op Amps

How to Increase Slew Rate in Op Amps

Learn how to get faster composite op-amp dynamics by raising the slew rate.


Achieving Faster Composite Op-Amp Dynamics by Expanding the Frequency Bandwidth

Achieving Faster Composite Op-Amp Dynamics by Expanding the Frequency Bandwidth

This is Part 3 of the series of articles about composite amplifiers. In this section, we are going to show how to achieve faster op-amp dynamics by expanding the frequency bandwidth.


Voltage Buffer Simulation in PSpice: Boosting the Output Current Drive of Op-Amps

Voltage Buffer Simulation in PSpice: Boosting the Output Current Drive of Op-Amps

Learn how simulating a voltage buffer can help you implement it more effectively to boost the output current drive of an op-amp.


How to Boost the Output Current Drive Capability of an Op-Amp

How to Boost the Output Current Drive Capability of an Op-Amp

In the first part of this series on composite amplifiers, we'll investigate one method of boosting an op-amp’s output current drive capability.


Assessing the ADC SNR and SFDR for Communications Systems

Assessing the ADC SNR and SFDR for Communications Systems

In this article, we will see how we can determine the SFDR for an ADC used in a radio receiver. Also, we’ll examine the ADC SNR requirement for this application.