This article will analyze in detail the operation of a step-down DC/DC voltage converter. Using SPICE simulations, we will investigate the output voltage…
This article will analyze in detail the operation of a step-down DC/DC voltage converter. Using SPICE simulations, we will investigate the output voltage settling, voltage ripple, and inductor and load currents.
This article presents the design of an unweighted (Z-weighted) audio filter with a flat frequency response from 20 Hz to…
This article presents the design of an unweighted (Z-weighted) audio filter with a flat frequency response from 20 Hz to 20 kHz for the measurement of audio noise.
Let’s modernize a circuit from a Science Fair 150-in-1 Electronic Project kit using a solderless breadboard, new…
Let’s modernize a circuit from a Science Fair 150-in-1 Electronic Project kit using a solderless breadboard, new electronic components, online EDA tools, and an M5Stack Core microcontroller.
This project demonstrates the design and operation of a root-mean-squared (RMS) detector for inclusion in a wideband…
This project demonstrates the design and operation of a root-mean-squared (RMS) detector for inclusion in a wideband voltmeter. The RMS detector is useful for measuring certain signal types, including noise, since it provides an indication of the energy in a signal.
In this article, we’ll use LTspice simulations to more thoroughly understand output-voltage ripple and consider…
In this article, we’ll use LTspice simulations to more thoroughly understand output-voltage ripple and consider techniques for mitigating it within a charge pump circuit.
Continuing our in-depth look at a simple SPICE circuit that can generate a negative supply voltage, we’ll consider the…
Continuing our in-depth look at a simple SPICE circuit that can generate a negative supply voltage, we’ll consider the effect of oscillator frequency on the system’s performance parameters.
Learn about digital square wave generators using a ring oscillator, a 555 timer-based oscillator, and an…
Learn about digital square wave generators using a ring oscillator, a 555 timer-based oscillator, and an Arduino-generated square wave oscillator.
This project will explain how to develop a system to measure magnetic field emissions at frequencies up to 150 kHz from…
This project will explain how to develop a system to measure magnetic field emissions at frequencies up to 150 kHz from high-current power cables without cutting or disturbing the cable.
Learn about the importance of the Fourier series in circuit analysis and the Fourier series equations, while gaining…
Learn about the importance of the Fourier series in circuit analysis and the Fourier series equations, while gaining insight into how this analysis tool works.
This article covers undesired switching events, known as hazards, that can occur when developing combinational logic circuits.
This article covers undesired switching events, known as hazards, that can occur when developing combinational logic circuits.
Gate-level implementation of logic functions is limited by the gate fan-in. This article examines logic factoring,…
Gate-level implementation of logic functions is limited by the gate fan-in. This article examines logic factoring, grouping, and level increases to implement logic functions with limited input gates.
This article launches a series exploring the question of how to model data converters for system simulations.
This article launches a series exploring the question of how to model data converters for system simulations.
Modeling hysteresis in SPICE can be difficult when you're dealing with a multivalued transfer function. In this article,…
Modeling hysteresis in SPICE can be difficult when you're dealing with a multivalued transfer function. In this article, we'll teach you a way to "cheat" to get around this issue.
Need a low-distortion ADC interface? In this article, we'll discuss how to reduce 2nd harmonic distortion by using…
Need a low-distortion ADC interface? In this article, we'll discuss how to reduce 2nd harmonic distortion by using symmetric PCB layout.
This article shows a comparison of the implementations that result from using binary, Gray, and one-hot encodings to…
This article shows a comparison of the implementations that result from using binary, Gray, and one-hot encodings to implement state machines in an FPGA. These encodings are often evaluated and applied by the synthesis and implementation tools, so it’s important to know why the software makes these decisions.
This article discusses the use of finite state machines (or FSMs) in design, including the initial state and the way…
This article discusses the use of finite state machines (or FSMs) in design, including the initial state and the way memory configuration affects FPGA design.
This article describes the basics of finite state machines and shows a practical way of implementing them in the Verilog…
This article describes the basics of finite state machines and shows a practical way of implementing them in the Verilog Hardware Description Language.
This brief gives an overview of the steps in a typical mixed-signal IC design flow.
This brief gives an overview of the steps in a typical mixed-signal IC design flow.
Learn the high-level steps behind RFIC design.
Learn the high-level steps behind RFIC design.