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Analyzing and Improving the Ruthroff Transformer

Analyzing and Improving the Ruthroff Transformer

We analyze a Ruthroff 1:4 transformer's performance at high frequencies, then learn how to improve its bandwidth using equal-delay networks and how to redesign the circuit for higher impedance transformation ratios.


A Brief Introduction to Ruthroff Transmission Line Transformers

A Brief Introduction to Ruthroff Transmission Line Transformers

Learn how these classic RF transformers achieve broadband impedance transformation.


How to Analyze Transmission Line Transformers: The Easy Way and the Hard Way

How to Analyze Transmission Line Transformers: The Easy Way and the Hard Way

In this article, we explore two different methods for analyzing the impedance transformation ratio of a transmission line transformer.


Introduction to the Full-Bridge Rectifier

Introduction to the Full-Bridge Rectifier

The full-wave bridge rectifier converts an AC input voltage to a DC power supply voltage. Learn about the operation of this essential circuit.


Designing a Battery Pack That’s Right For Your Application

Designing a Battery Pack That’s Right For Your Application

Learn how to design the battery array that best fits your system’s power requirements. This article will help you interpret battery specifications, estimate operating life, and understand the relationship between capacity, load, and environment.


Understanding Output Signal Swing in Op Amps

Understanding Output Signal Swing in Op Amps

Learn about the characteristics and limitations of an operational amplifier’s output voltage range.


Understanding Input Signal Swing in Op Amps

Understanding Input Signal Swing in Op Amps

This article, the first in a two-part series on op amp signal swing, explains the characteristics and limitations of an operational amplifier’s input voltages.


Understanding the Guanella Transmission Line Balun

Understanding the Guanella Transmission Line Balun

Learn how bifilar coils can be used to build Gustav Guanella’s classic RF balun.


Introduction to Transmission Line Transformers and the Bifilar Coil

Introduction to Transmission Line Transformers and the Bifilar Coil

Learn how a bifilar coil can be used to design transformers for high-frequency RF applications.


Understanding the Non-Idealities of Magnetically Coupled RF Transformers

Understanding the Non-Idealities of Magnetically Coupled RF Transformers

In this article, we’ll learn about the limitations of magnetically coupled transformers in RF applications by modeling the devices' high-frequency non-idealities.


Basic Principles of the Push-Pull Class B Power Amplifier

Basic Principles of the Push-Pull Class B Power Amplifier

Learn how a push-pull Class B amplifier functions, how to calculate its efficiency, and how its performance compares to the inductively-loaded Class A design.


Introduction to the Class B Power Amplifier

Introduction to the Class B Power Amplifier

How does a Class B power amplifier work? What makes it more efficient than a Class A power amplifier? Learn the answers in this article.


Introduction to Class A Power Amplifiers: The Common-Emitter PA

Introduction to Class A Power Amplifiers: The Common-Emitter PA

RF amplifier design is a challenging task, involving trade-offs between linearity, efficiency, gain, and output power. Here, we examine how a common-emitter circuit can, or can't, function as a power amplifier.


Understanding Hysteresis in Electronic Components and Circuits

Understanding Hysteresis in Electronic Components and Circuits

Learn about the behavior and benefits of hysteresis in comparator circuits, magnetic components, and high-power devices.


Introduction to Hysteresis: Rate-Dependent and Rate-Independent Hysteresis

Introduction to Hysteresis: Rate-Dependent and Rate-Independent Hysteresis

This article, the second in a series on hysteresis, explains two types of hysteresis found in engineered systems.


What is Hysteresis? An Introduction for Electrical Engineers

What is Hysteresis? An Introduction for Electrical Engineers

Found both in nature and in engineered systems, hysteresis is a crucial design technique in certain electronic applications. In this article, we'll introduce its theoretical underpinnings.


Analyzing a Current-Mode-Controlled Buck Converter in LTspice

Analyzing a Current-Mode-Controlled Buck Converter in LTspice

In this article, we use voltage waveforms to explore the electrical behavior of key subcircuits within a CMC buck converter.


Implementing a Current-Mode-Controlled Buck Converter in LTspice

Implementing a Current-Mode-Controlled Buck Converter in LTspice

In this article, we use LTspice to discuss the operation of the voltage error amplifier and PWM generator in a current-mode-controlled (CMC) step-down regulator.


Introduction to Analog IC Design

Introduction to Analog IC Design

Interested in learning about analog integrated circuits? This article explores the design metrics and applications of these essential but underappreciated ICs.


Designing a Current-Mode-Controlled Buck Converter in LTspice

Designing a Current-Mode-Controlled Buck Converter in LTspice

In this article, we’ll learn about current-mode control (CMC) for switching regulators by examining the layout of an example circuit in LTspice.