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Upgrade Your Power Wheels with Motor Control Basics

Upgrade Your Power Wheels with Motor Control Basics

Adding variable speed control and battery monitoring to a Power Wheels truck!


ZigBee vs Bluetooth and Bluetooth Smart

ZigBee vs Bluetooth and Bluetooth Smart

ZigBee, Bluetooth and the newer Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE/Smart) are all communication protocols for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs), but they are optimized for different applications.


How to Keep a Power Transistor Cool Using a Heat Sink

How to Keep a Power Transistor Cool Using a Heat Sink

Handling heat in electronics. Which components create heat, which components suffer from heat. Basics of heatsinking.


Transformer Isolation

Transformer Isolation

An in-depth look at transformer isolation. Electrical isolation is necessary to protect circuits, equipment, and people from shocks and short circuits, as well as to make accurate measurements. Isolation transformers are one way to go.


Understanding Inductor Designs for Converters

Understanding Inductor Designs for Converters

A handy technical article demonstrating filter inductor design for boost converters, design of the coupled inductor for a two-output forward converter, and the design of flyback transformer in continuous conduction mode.


A World Without Cords: An Overview of Wireless Charging

A World Without Cords: An Overview of Wireless Charging

Qi (pronounced as "chee") charging is an optimized inductive charging concept also known as “wireless charging,” allowing you to charge your devices wirelessly. Compatible devices’ batteries are charged by using induction transfer without requiring separate chargers, cables or adapters... Simply place your compatible device on top of the wireless pad and watch your device charge. Finally--an end to cords!


Understanding Noise and PSRR in LDOs

Understanding Noise and PSRR in LDOs

The effect of noise and Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) in Low-dropout (LDO) regulators.


The Basics of Power Semiconductor Devices: Structures, Symbols, and Operations

The Basics of Power Semiconductor Devices: Structures, Symbols, and Operations

Learn about various power electronic devices which act as solid-state switches in the circuits, meaning they act as a switch without any mechanical movement.


Converter Evaluation and Design

Converter Evaluation and Design

List of common converters and calculations of switch stresses/utilization are presented in this article. Converter design with the aid of computer spreadsheet is also shown here. A short list of converters is provided based on the basic topologies and circuit manipulations of the converters discussed on other technical articles.


How to Use Simple Converter Circuits

How to Use Simple Converter Circuits

Different circuit connections are explored here. For instance, an inversion of source and load converts the buck converter into a boost converter, the cascade connection of the converters leads to the formation of the buck-boost, and the Cuk converter from the basic buck and boost converters.


Discontinuous Conduction Mode of Simple Converters

Discontinuous Conduction Mode of Simple Converters

Discussed here are the discontinuous conduction mode, mode boundary, and conversion ratio of simple converters.


Concepts and Variables with State-Space and Canonical Models

Concepts and Variables with State-Space and Canonical Models

An analysis of the concepts and variables associated with state-space, canonical and system transfer function representations of the common converters. In direct circuit linearization averaging technique, dynamic behavior of the circuit cannot be studied at the resonant frequency as the switching frequency component of the output for the resonant converter is different from the local average value frequency. Thus, the integral expression of the average value needs to be extended using the Fourier series; and the derivative expression with respect to a particular frequency is required for the dynamic analysis.


Analysis of Four DC-DC Converters in Equilibrium

Analysis of Four DC-DC Converters in Equilibrium

This technical article deals with the analysis of the four fundamental DC-DC converters (or choppers) in equilibrium. The four basic DC-DC converters considered for analysis are the following: Buck Converter, Boost Converter, Buck-Boost Converter and Ćuk Converter.


Switching Losses: Effects on Semiconductors

Switching Losses: Effects on Semiconductors

We review switching losses involving diode recovery charge, transistor switching with clamped inductive load, device capacitance and leakage, package, and stray inductances, and the efficiency versus switching frequency curve.


Modeling the Pulse-Width Modulator

Modeling the Pulse-Width Modulator

Pulse-width modulation can be of many forms. A PWM signal of constant frequency can be obtained by comparing the ramp signal (or carrier signal) with the error between the desired and the actual output voltage signal (Vc, compensator voltage signal).


Mad with Power: An Introduction to Power Processing

Mad with Power: An Introduction to Power Processing

The core concept of power processing can be explained together with several significant applications of power electronics. Power electronics is the technology of processing and controlling the flow of electric power by modifying and supplying the voltage and current in a form that is best suitable to the customer at the load end.


AC-Equivalent Circuit Modelling

AC-Equivalent Circuit Modelling

The basic converters complete equivalent circuits can be studied here which include the basic AC modeling approach and the results for several converters. A simple circuit diagram is used for high-frequency converters. We will construct the non-linear model and convert it into a linear circuit that describes the small-signal performance of a circuit.