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Analyzing the Lag Filter’s Effect on PLL Performance

Analyzing the Lag Filter’s Effect on PLL Performance

In this article, we evaluate the designs of two simple frequency synthesizers to learn how a second-order PLL with a lag filter can provide a faster rise time than a first-order PLL.


Knowledge and Nostalgia: 2025’s Top Educational Articles

Knowledge and Nostalgia: 2025’s Top Educational Articles

Ring in the new year with this roundup of All About Circuits' most popular educational content, both technical and historical.


News Dec 31, 2025 by Abby Garfinkle
Roger Harrington: The Man With the Key to Unlock Maxwell’s Equations

Roger Harrington: The Man With the Key to Unlock Maxwell’s Equations

Today, we celebrate Roger F. Harrington as he turns 100 years old. His method of moments became the key for engineers in the modern world to put Maxwell's equations into action.


News Dec 24, 2025 by Lianne Frith
Understanding the Limitations of the Second-Order Type-1 PLL With a Lag Filter

Understanding the Limitations of the Second-Order Type-1 PLL With a Lag Filter

In this article, we analyze the steady-state errors and Bode plots for a second-order PLL with a simple, first-order loop filter.


MAX232: The Single-Supply Transceiver That Shrunk RS-232 to One Chip

MAX232: The Single-Supply Transceiver That Shrunk RS-232 to One Chip

Introduced in the late 1980s, Maxim’s MAX232 made RS-232 interfaces trivial with dual drivers, dual receivers, and their +/-10 V rails—all from a single +5 V supply.


News Dec 19, 2025 by Luke James
Enhancing Power Conversion Efficiency with Infineon EasyPACK™ CoolSiC™ Trench MOSFET Modules | Tech Guide

Enhancing Power Conversion Efficiency with Infineon EasyPACK™ CoolSiC™ Trench MOSFET Modules | Tech Guide

In this Tech Guide, explore Infineon’s EasyPACK™ CoolSiC™ Trench MOSFET Modules—high-efficiency, high-density power solutions for EV chargers, DC/DC converters, and industrial systems. Watch now to get started!


Introduction to Second-Order Type-1 PLLs

Introduction to Second-Order Type-1 PLLs

Learn how adding a lowpass loop filter to a PLL with a single integrator impacts both the frequency-domain and time-domain response.


Panasonic Industry PAN9019/PAN9019A | Featured Product Spotlight

Panasonic Industry PAN9019/PAN9019A | Featured Product Spotlight

Panasonic Industry PAN9019/PAN9019A delivers high-performance, low-power connectivity with dual-band Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.4, and—on the PAN9019A—802.15.4 support for expanded IoT applications. Watch and learn all about their features, specs, applications, and more!


Understanding the Limitations of the First-Order PLL

Understanding the Limitations of the First-Order PLL

Higher-order PLLs are more commonly used than first-order PLLs. To explain why, we explore the first-order PLL's behavior in response to two inputs: a frequency step and frequency ramp.


Nordic Semi Unveils Bluetooth LE SoC for Next Gen Healthcare Wearables

Nordic Semi Unveils Bluetooth LE SoC for Next Gen Healthcare Wearables

The new low-power BLE SoC targets medical designs such as wearable biosensors and glucose monitors.


News Dec 05, 2025 by Duane Benson
Analyzing First-Order PLLs Using Linear Models

Analyzing First-Order PLLs Using Linear Models

In this article, we'll use the linearized model of a first-order PLL to understand its response to a simple input change. We'll then use Matlab simulations to visualize the signals.


Toshiba Adds Zener Diode Series for Better Circuit Reliability

Toshiba Adds Zener Diode Series for Better Circuit Reliability

The CMXBxxA Zener diode lineup also cuts leakage and simplifies upgrades for power line protection.


News Nov 27, 2025 by Joshua Tidwell
Building High-Performance RF Systems with the Qorvo QPF5001 | Tech Guide

Building High-Performance RF Systems with the Qorvo QPF5001 | Tech Guide

In this Tech Guide from Mouser Electronics, explore how the Qorvo QPF5001 Dual-Channel 12W Transmit/Receive Module simplifies high-performance X-band RF design with integrated PA, LNA, and built-in limiter in a compact 6 mm × 5 mm package. Watch now to get started!


Microchip Unwraps 10Base-T1S Endpoint ICs for In-Vehicle Connectivity

Microchip Unwraps 10Base-T1S Endpoint ICs for In-Vehicle Connectivity

The LAN866x family integrates the Remote Control Protocol to eliminate edge node software and accelerate zonal Ethernet deployment.


News Nov 24, 2025 by Jake Hertz
Deploying Renesas Locationing 2.0 for Precision Asset Tracking | Tech Guide

Deploying Renesas Locationing 2.0 for Precision Asset Tracking | Tech Guide

In this Mouser Electronics Tech Guide, explore how Renesas Locationing 2.0 enables ultra-precise, scalable asset tracking with Bluetooth AoA/AoD, WiRa positioning, and low-power Wi-Fi for reliable, long-life, real-time monitoring in complex environments. Watch now to get started!


Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up: Charting a Path to Sub-GHz Deployment

Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up: Charting a Path to Sub-GHz Deployment

Making informed choices about network ecosystems, protocols, and hardware is critical when developing large-scale IoT networks. Learn more in this article.


Analyzing a First-Order PLL in Acquisition Mode With a Nonlinear Model

Analyzing a First-Order PLL in Acquisition Mode With a Nonlinear Model

In this article, we'll use a nonlinear mathematical model to improve our understanding of how a first-order PLL locks to a signal.


TE Connectivity NanoRF Series RF/Coaxial Connectors | New Product Brief

TE Connectivity NanoRF Series RF/Coaxial Connectors | New Product Brief

TE Connectivity’s NanoRF Series RF/Coaxial Connectors provide ultra-high-frequency, high-density RF connectivity up to 85 GHz with a 50 Ω impedance, delivering excellent signal integrity in compact designs. Watch and learn all about their features, specs, applications, and more!


Foundations for PLL Nonlinear Analysis: Modeling the Phase Detector and VCO

Foundations for PLL Nonlinear Analysis: Modeling the Phase Detector and VCO

The phase-locked loop (PLL) is widely used in contemporary analog and digital communication systems. In this article, we develop a nonlinear model for the analog PLL by analyzing its key components.


Building High-Performance Automotive Ethernet Networks with Microchip LAN938x Switches | Tech Guide

Building High-Performance Automotive Ethernet Networks with Microchip LAN938x Switches | Tech Guide

In this Tech Guide from Mouser Electronics, explore how Microchip’s LAN938x 100BASE-T1 Gigabit Ethernet Switches enable secure, low-latency automotive networks with Layer 2+ switching, AVB/TSN support, and energy-efficient performance. Watch now to get started!