Latest Audio Technical Articles

This technical brief attempts to dispel some of the fog surrounding the three-character naming convention used to…

This technical brief attempts to dispel some of the fog surrounding the three-character naming convention used to describe ceramic caps.

Servo-loop testing allows the determination of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) transfer function. This article will…

Servo-loop testing allows the determination of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) transfer function. This article will describe the basics of servo-loop ADC testing and illustrate several different servo-loop test configurations.

Learn the roles of the three security keys in Bluetooth LE—Long Term Key (LTK), Connection Signature Resolving Key…

Learn the roles of the three security keys in Bluetooth LE—Long Term Key (LTK), Connection Signature Resolving Key (CSRK), and Identity Resolving Key (IRK).

This article presents the design of an unweighted (Z-weighted) audio filter with a flat frequency response from 20 Hz to…

This article presents the design of an unweighted (Z-weighted) audio filter with a flat frequency response from 20 Hz to 20 kHz for the measurement of audio noise.

The Y-factor method is a widely used technique for measuring the gain and noise figure (NF) of RF components. This…

The Y-factor method is a widely used technique for measuring the gain and noise figure (NF) of RF components. This article will help you understand the differences between the insertion gain and the available gain, while avoiding potentially significant errors when measuring the noise figure.

Learn about measuring the noise figure (NF) using the Y factor method. We'll dive into using this to find the noise…

Learn about measuring the noise figure (NF) using the Y factor method. We'll dive into using this to find the noise factor, how to calibrate for noise temperature, and much more.

Learn another way to characterize RF noise components using noise temperature and how this concept clears up how noise…

Learn another way to characterize RF noise components using noise temperature and how this concept clears up how noise figure measurement instruments actually work.

Learn more about dithering, namely improving the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of an analog-to-digital converter…

Learn more about dithering, namely improving the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that exhibits differential nonlinearity (DNL) errors.

Learn about the RF noise figure (NF), its power gain, lossy components, and cascaded systems.

Learn about the RF noise figure (NF), its power gain, lossy components, and cascaded systems.

Learn about using LTspice simulations to provide important insight into the performance of a switched-capacitor…

Learn about using LTspice simulations to provide important insight into the performance of a switched-capacitor voltage-inverting power supply.

Get a high-level understanding of designing electronics to prevent the threat of side-channel attacks (SCAs), namely…

Get a high-level understanding of designing electronics to prevent the threat of side-channel attacks (SCAs), namely power- and EM- (electromagnetic) based attacks.

Design a wideband analog multimeter to measure AC voltages and currents from 20 Hz to 1 MHz with a selectable sensitivity…

Design a wideband analog multimeter to measure AC voltages and currents from 20 Hz to 1 MHz with a selectable sensitivity from 1 mV to 100 V, while the ammeter has a selectable current sensitivity of 10 mA to 10 A.

In this project, learn to create a digitally-controlled oscillator or DCO-based audio synthesizer with an Arduino Nano or…

In this project, learn to create a digitally-controlled oscillator or DCO-based audio synthesizer with an Arduino Nano or an Arduino Uno.

In addition to explaining the nature of a negative voltage, this article briefly discusses how negative voltages are…

In addition to explaining the nature of a negative voltage, this article briefly discusses how negative voltages are generated and why they are useful in circuit design.

The receiver in a digital PAM system must sample and measure the amplitude of a signal that is affected by the frequency…

The receiver in a digital PAM system must sample and measure the amplitude of a signal that is affected by the frequency response of the transmission channel.

Learn how dithering can suppress both harmonic and non-harmonic spurs and two different types of dithering systems:…

Learn how dithering can suppress both harmonic and non-harmonic spurs and two different types of dithering systems: subtractive and non-subtractive topologies.

Learn about double data rate (DDR) memory key concepts and applications surrounding this digital communication technique,…

Learn about double data rate (DDR) memory key concepts and applications surrounding this digital communication technique, where two data words are transferred during one clock cycle.

Through four different examples, learn about analog-to-digital converter (ADC) system error analysis.

Through four different examples, learn about analog-to-digital converter (ADC) system error analysis.

Learn about characterizing different analog-to-digital converter (ADC) error sources such as resolution and accuracy.

Learn about characterizing different analog-to-digital converter (ADC) error sources such as resolution and accuracy.