Latest Transceivers Articles and Videos

In this article, we examine two different methods of producing wideband FM signals. Both use crystal oscillators to…

In this article, we examine two different methods of producing wideband FM signals. Both use crystal oscillators to provide improved frequency stability.

In this article, we explore the limitations of LC oscillators for direct FM generation and how to deal with them using…

In this article, we explore the limitations of LC oscillators for direct FM generation and how to deal with them using multipliers and automatic frequency control (AFC) circuits.

Outfitting earbuds with more AI can be a challenge. Learn how compression techniques like sparsity, quantization, and…

Outfitting earbuds with more AI can be a challenge. Learn how compression techniques like sparsity, quantization, and memory-aware scheduling can help smooth the way.

Learn how a varactor diode's variable capacitance, together with an LC tank circuit, can drive a voltage-controlled…

Learn how a varactor diode's variable capacitance, together with an LC tank circuit, can drive a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) to create FM waveforms.

In this article, we examine a reactance modulator design that employs the variable capacitance of a bipolar junction…

In this article, we examine a reactance modulator design that employs the variable capacitance of a bipolar junction transistor to modulate the output of a Colpitts oscillator.

In this article, we'll introduce the fundamental concepts of direct FM generation and examine a key FM modulation…

In this article, we'll introduce the fundamental concepts of direct FM generation and examine a key FM modulation circuit: the reactance modulator.

In this article, we'll illustrate the usefulness of Carson's rule for bandwidth estimation by working through a series of…

In this article, we'll illustrate the usefulness of Carson's rule for bandwidth estimation by working through a series of example problems.

In this article, we'll investigate how varying the amplitude and frequency of the modulating tone impacts the bandwidth…

In this article, we'll investigate how varying the amplitude and frequency of the modulating tone impacts the bandwidth of FM signals. We'll also compare the modulation index in AM and FM schemes.

Along with introducing Carson's rule for bandwidth estimation, this article explains how to calculate the required…

Along with introducing Carson's rule for bandwidth estimation, this article explains how to calculate the required transmission bandwidth based on either the sidebands or the total power of the signal.

Learn how Bessel functions and the modulation index can help us understand the bandwidth of wideband frequency-modulated…

Learn how Bessel functions and the modulation index can help us understand the bandwidth of wideband frequency-modulated (FM) signals.

This article explores the effect of signal bandwidth on the linearity of power amplifiers, including the impacts of…

This article explores the effect of signal bandwidth on the linearity of power amplifiers, including the impacts of cascaded RF gain stages.

In this article, we’ll use phasor diagrams to compare narrowband FM and conventional AM. We’ll also discuss the…

In this article, we’ll use phasor diagrams to compare narrowband FM and conventional AM. We’ll also discuss the problem of oscillator phase noise and work through an example problem.

Using the third-order intercept point (IP3) metric, we examine how the nonlinearity of individual gain stages in a…

Using the third-order intercept point (IP3) metric, we examine how the nonlinearity of individual gain stages in a cascaded RF system affects the linearity performance of the cascade as a whole.

Using a simple example, this article examines the frequency spectra of frequency-modulated (FM) and phase-modulated (PM)…

Using a simple example, this article examines the frequency spectra of frequency-modulated (FM) and phase-modulated (PM) waves for a low modulation index.

Learn why phase modulation (PM) and frequency modulation (FM) can produce waveforms that are nearly identical or…

Learn why phase modulation (PM) and frequency modulation (FM) can produce waveforms that are nearly identical or completely different from one another, depending on the nature of the message signal.

Learn to confidently determine intermodulation distortion products and the third-order intercept point of RF circuits by…

Learn to confidently determine intermodulation distortion products and the third-order intercept point of RF circuits by working through a selection of example problems.

In this article, we’ll explore the mathematical relationship between phase modulation (PM) and frequency modulation…

In this article, we’ll explore the mathematical relationship between phase modulation (PM) and frequency modulation (FM). We’ll then learn how a PM modulator can be used to generate FM signals, and vice versa.

In this article, we introduce the basic principles of phase modulation (PM) and use example waveforms to clarify the…

In this article, we introduce the basic principles of phase modulation (PM) and use example waveforms to clarify the often-confusing relationship between the PM wave and the message signal.

Using graphical representations to support our mathematical analysis, we walk through the process of how the Weaver…

Using graphical representations to support our mathematical analysis, we walk through the process of how the Weaver modulator transforms the signal frequency spectrum.