Latest Technical Articles

The distribution of AC currents in real conductors with finite dimensions and circular or rectangular cross-sections is…

The distribution of AC currents in real conductors with finite dimensions and circular or rectangular cross-sections is non-uniform. This article will discuss Faraday's law and how AC currents create eddy currents and current crowding in real conductors.

Capacitors are a crucial component of step-down switching regulators. Learn about the different capacitor types and how…

Capacitors are a crucial component of step-down switching regulators. Learn about the different capacitor types and how each one affects regulator performance.

Are you picking out components for a step-down switching regulator? Learn how to think about inductance values and…

Are you picking out components for a step-down switching regulator? Learn how to think about inductance values and inductor current when choosing an inductor.

Servo-loop testing allows the determination of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) transfer function. This article will…

Servo-loop testing allows the determination of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) transfer function. This article will describe the basics of servo-loop ADC testing and illustrate several different servo-loop test configurations.

Designing antennas for compact IoT devices is a tricky task, but an increasingly important one. Learn more about this…

Designing antennas for compact IoT devices is a tricky task, but an increasingly important one. Learn more about this challenge and how to meet it.

Proper inductor selection is one key to the successful design and implementation of a switching regulator. This article…

Proper inductor selection is one key to the successful design and implementation of a switching regulator. This article will help you understand the relationship between the inductor value and circuit performance.

Learn the roles of the three security keys in Bluetooth LE—Long Term Key (LTK), Connection Signature Resolving Key…

Learn the roles of the three security keys in Bluetooth LE—Long Term Key (LTK), Connection Signature Resolving Key (CSRK), and Identity Resolving Key (IRK).

The Y-factor method simplifies noise figure measurements by allowing the use of variable attenuators in place of a…

The Y-factor method simplifies noise figure measurements by allowing the use of variable attenuators in place of a calibrated power meter. In addition to defining the Y factor, we will discuss noise source uncertainty and fixturing losses that can introduce errors in your noise figure measurements.

Improve your understanding of switch-mode voltage regulators by examining the electrical characteristics of a step-down…

Improve your understanding of switch-mode voltage regulators by examining the electrical characteristics of a step-down converter during the on and off portions of its switching cycle.

This article will demonstrate that the AC current density decreases exponentially into a conductor. It will also explain…

This article will demonstrate that the AC current density decreases exponentially into a conductor. It will also explain why we can assume that the total current has a uniform distribution from the surface down to one skin depth of the conductor.

Learn how whitening filters solve problems in low-power radios when transmitting long identical bit sequences. Explore…

Learn how whitening filters solve problems in low-power radios when transmitting long identical bit sequences. Explore their significance in protocols like BLE and ZigBee.

This article will analyze in detail the operation of a step-down DC/DC voltage converter. Using SPICE simulations, we…

This article will analyze in detail the operation of a step-down DC/DC voltage converter. Using SPICE simulations, we will investigate the output voltage settling, voltage ripple, and inductor and load currents.

Electromagnetic-based side-channel attacks are non-invasive, meaning the attacker does not need physical access to the…

Electromagnetic-based side-channel attacks are non-invasive, meaning the attacker does not need physical access to the device to steal information. We’ll look at how these EM side-channel attacks work.

This article presents the design of an unweighted (Z-weighted) audio filter with a flat frequency response from 20 Hz to…

This article presents the design of an unweighted (Z-weighted) audio filter with a flat frequency response from 20 Hz to 20 kHz for the measurement of audio noise.

Learn how ATT and GATT protocols help Bluetooth LE devices store and manage data, making it easier for connected devices…

Learn how ATT and GATT protocols help Bluetooth LE devices store and manage data, making it easier for connected devices to work together seamlessly.

This article introduces high-frequency conductor losses in transmission lines caused by a phenomenon known as the skin effect.

This article introduces high-frequency conductor losses in transmission lines caused by a phenomenon known as the skin effect.

To understand known vulnerabilities and attacks on Bluetooth LE devices, we review some studies from the past 4+ years.

To understand known vulnerabilities and attacks on Bluetooth LE devices, we review some studies from the past 4+ years.

Switching regulators are an essential circuit for efficiently generating stable supply voltages and for translating…

Switching regulators are an essential circuit for efficiently generating stable supply voltages and for translating voltages up or down.

This article will help you understand losses in high-frequency transmission lines that include traces on PCBs. We will…

This article will help you understand losses in high-frequency transmission lines that include traces on PCBs. We will also investigate how these losses impact signal propagation and the quality of digital signals.