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Average Deviation, Standard Deviation, and Variance in Signal Processing

Average Deviation, Standard Deviation, and Variance in Signal Processing

This article discusses three descriptive statistical measures from the perspective of signal-processing applications.


How to Measure Gas Flow in a Mechanical Ventilator Using a Differential Pressure Sensor

How to Measure Gas Flow in a Mechanical Ventilator Using a Differential Pressure Sensor

In this article, we’ll look at another interesting application of pressure sensing in mechanical ventilation.


Descriptive Statistics in Electrical Engineering

Descriptive Statistics in Electrical Engineering

This article discusses statistical techniques that we can use to characterize an engineered system or analyze performance data.


What Is a Linear System?

What Is a Linear System?

This article explains the essential aspects of linear systems, which play a fundamental role in electrical engineering and signal processing.


Understanding Types of Lock-In Amplifiers and Related Noise Sources

Understanding Types of Lock-In Amplifiers and Related Noise Sources

This article is a general guideline on the main aspects of commercially-available amplifiers.


What Is the z-Transform?

What Is the z-Transform?

This Frequent Engineering Question gives a quick overview of an important mathematical technique used in digital signal processing, calculating the z-transform.


Introduction to Statistical Analysis in Electrical Engineering

Introduction to Statistical Analysis in Electrical Engineering

This article explores statistics and probability as tools that help us to understand circuit behavior and characterize engineered systems.


How Is the Laplace Transform Used in Circuit Design?

How Is the Laplace Transform Used in Circuit Design?

In this article, we briefly review how the Laplace transform can help us solve circuits involving damped and steady-state sinusoidal signals.


Basic Fundamentals of Lock-In Amplifiers

Basic Fundamentals of Lock-In Amplifiers

This article discusses the theory fundamentals of lock-in amplifiers.


What Is Dynamic Range?

What Is Dynamic Range?

The concept of dynamic range appears frequently in engineering discussions. But what exactly does this term mean? And how does it apply to electronic circuits and systems?


Understanding Dynamic Range in Imaging Systems

Understanding Dynamic Range in Imaging Systems

This article introduces an important specification for light-sensitive devices and explains its connection to the performance of digital cameras.


Determining Dynamic Range of CCD Image Sensors

Determining Dynamic Range of CCD Image Sensors

This article explains how CCD construction, operating parameters, and external signal-processing circuitry contribute to the maximum variation in luminance that CCD imaging hardware can capture.


Using EMI Shielding to Reduce Radiated Emissions in Electronic Designs

Using EMI Shielding to Reduce Radiated Emissions in Electronic Designs

Learn the basic concepts of EMI shieldings, including types of shielding options and the calculation for determining shielding effectiveness.


Quantum Efficiency and Signal-to-Noise Ratio in CCD Image Sensors

Quantum Efficiency and Signal-to-Noise Ratio in CCD Image Sensors

In this article, we’ll draw upon our knowledge of noise sources and combine it with some new information to create a comprehensive model for CCD noise performance.


Photon Noise, Read Noise, and Reset Noise in CCD Image Sensors

Photon Noise, Read Noise, and Reset Noise in CCD Image Sensors

In this article, we’ll take a look at electrical and optical conditions that contribute to reduced image quality in CCD camera systems.


Dark Noise in CCD Image Sensors

Dark Noise in CCD Image Sensors

This article introduces the concept of image noise and discusses one noise source that plays a prominent role in the design of CCD systems.


Anti-Aliasing Filters: Applying Sampling Theory to ADC Design

Anti-Aliasing Filters: Applying Sampling Theory to ADC Design

This article examines an important aspect of the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem and explains its connection to the need for anti-aliasing filters in analog-to-digital conversion.


The Nyquist–Shannon Sampling Theorem: Exceeding the Nyquist Rate

The Nyquist–Shannon Sampling Theorem: Exceeding the Nyquist Rate

This article continues our series on sampling theory by explaining the importance of oversampling in real-life mixed-signal systems.


Using Pressure Sensors to Adjust the Oxygen Concentration: An Electrical Engineer’s Intro to Mechanical Ventilation

Using Pressure Sensors to Adjust the Oxygen Concentration: An Electrical Engineer’s Intro to Mechanical Ventilation

In this article, we’ll look at additional applications of pressure sensors in mechanical ventilation.


The Nyquist–Shannon Theorem in the Frequency Domain

The Nyquist–Shannon Theorem in the Frequency Domain

This article continues our discussion of sampling theory and introduces the concept of aliasing.