In this article, we'll walk through the steps of generating a Process Design Kit (PDK) for digital standard cell libraries.
In this article, we'll walk through the steps of generating a Process Design Kit (PDK) for digital standard cell libraries.
Learn how adding a lowpass loop filter to a PLL with a single integrator impacts both the frequency-domain and…
Learn how adding a lowpass loop filter to a PLL with a single integrator impacts both the frequency-domain and time-domain response.
In this article, we'll use the linearized model of a first-order PLL to understand its response to a simple input change.…
In this article, we'll use the linearized model of a first-order PLL to understand its response to a simple input change. We'll then use Matlab simulations to visualize the signals.
PLL demodulators are popular, easy to implement, and offer superior noise performance compared to many other FM…
PLL demodulators are popular, easy to implement, and offer superior noise performance compared to many other FM demodulator circuits. Learn how they operate in this article.
Learn how an analog multiplier or AND gate can function as a quadrature detector for FM demodulation.
Learn how an analog multiplier or AND gate can function as a quadrature detector for FM demodulation.
We discuss the basics of implementing digital predistortion in RF power amplifier systems and explore two popular…
We discuss the basics of implementing digital predistortion in RF power amplifier systems and explore two popular techniques based on look-up tables.
Learn how to turn an ATmega328 microcontroller and an assortment of readily available parts into a dedicated hardware soundboard.
Learn how to turn an ATmega328 microcontroller and an assortment of readily available parts into a dedicated hardware soundboard.
For this project, I built a handheld resistor color code calculator and ohmmeter using the ATmega328 microcontroller and…
For this project, I built a handheld resistor color code calculator and ohmmeter using the ATmega328 microcontroller and a 1.8-inch color LCD display.
Learn how to implement finite-state machines in VHDL by creating a 4-bit binary counter. After compiling, it will run on…
Learn how to implement finite-state machines in VHDL by creating a 4-bit binary counter. After compiling, it will run on an Altera CPLD development board connected to a custom PCB with input switches and an LED display.
This article demonstrates the operation of an LTspice shift register and discusses details of its schematic and timing…
This article demonstrates the operation of an LTspice shift register and discusses details of its schematic and timing relationships.
We explore the design and functionality of a digital shift register intended for use in mixed-signal circuit simulations.
We explore the design and functionality of a digital shift register intended for use in mixed-signal circuit simulations.
Customizing the device parameters of LTspice's logic gates and flip-flops can help you more accurately simulate these…
Customizing the device parameters of LTspice's logic gates and flip-flops can help you more accurately simulate these components. This article walks through the specification process and provides some helpful tips.
This article explains how to successfully integrate logic gates into an LTspice simulation.
This article explains how to successfully integrate logic gates into an LTspice simulation.
In this article, we use a SPICE model for 90 nm CMOS to plot key electrical relationships of an NMOS transistor.
In this article, we use a SPICE model for 90 nm CMOS to plot key electrical relationships of an NMOS transistor.
SPICE models designed for specific CMOS process nodes can enhance simulations of integrated-circuit transistors. Learn…
SPICE models designed for specific CMOS process nodes can enhance simulations of integrated-circuit transistors. Learn where to find these models and how to use them.
Current briefly flows through both transistors during logic-level transitions. This article explores the resulting power…
Current briefly flows through both transistors during logic-level transitions. This article explores the resulting power dissipation and provides some helpful LTspice tips for measuring current and power.
When a CMOS inverter switches logic states, power is consumed due to its charging and discharging currents. Learn how to…
When a CMOS inverter switches logic states, power is consumed due to its charging and discharging currents. Learn how to simulate these currents in LTspice.
This article explains dynamic and static power consumption in a CMOS inverter circuit.
This article explains dynamic and static power consumption in a CMOS inverter circuit.
Learn how undervoltage lockout (UVLO) can protect semiconductor devices and electronic systems from potentially hazardous…
Learn how undervoltage lockout (UVLO) can protect semiconductor devices and electronic systems from potentially hazardous operation.
This article will help you optimize your switch-mode regulator and driver circuits by explaining important sources of…
This article will help you optimize your switch-mode regulator and driver circuits by explaining important sources of MOSFET power dissipation.
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