In this article, we'll investigate how varying the amplitude and frequency of the modulating tone impacts the bandwidth of FM signals. We'll also compare the…
In this article, we'll investigate how varying the amplitude and frequency of the modulating tone impacts the bandwidth of FM signals. We'll also compare the modulation index in AM and FM schemes.
Along with introducing Carson's rule for bandwidth estimation, this article explains how to calculate the required…
Along with introducing Carson's rule for bandwidth estimation, this article explains how to calculate the required transmission bandwidth based on either the sidebands or the total power of the signal.
In this article, we’ll learn about the essential properties of Bessel functions and what they can tell us about the…
In this article, we’ll learn about the essential properties of Bessel functions and what they can tell us about the bandwidth of practical FM signals.
Learn how Bessel functions and the modulation index can help us understand the bandwidth of wideband frequency-modulated…
Learn how Bessel functions and the modulation index can help us understand the bandwidth of wideband frequency-modulated (FM) signals.
This article explores the effect of signal bandwidth on the linearity of power amplifiers, including the impacts of…
This article explores the effect of signal bandwidth on the linearity of power amplifiers, including the impacts of cascaded RF gain stages.
In this article, we’ll use phasor diagrams to compare narrowband FM and conventional AM. We’ll also discuss the…
In this article, we’ll use phasor diagrams to compare narrowband FM and conventional AM. We’ll also discuss the problem of oscillator phase noise and work through an example problem.
Using the third-order intercept point (IP3) metric, we examine how the nonlinearity of individual gain stages in a…
Using the third-order intercept point (IP3) metric, we examine how the nonlinearity of individual gain stages in a cascaded RF system affects the linearity performance of the cascade as a whole.
Using a simple example, this article examines the frequency spectra of frequency-modulated (FM) and phase-modulated (PM)…
Using a simple example, this article examines the frequency spectra of frequency-modulated (FM) and phase-modulated (PM) waves for a low modulation index.
Learn why phase modulation (PM) and frequency modulation (FM) can produce waveforms that are nearly identical or…
Learn why phase modulation (PM) and frequency modulation (FM) can produce waveforms that are nearly identical or completely different from one another, depending on the nature of the message signal.
Learn to confidently determine intermodulation distortion products and the third-order intercept point of RF circuits by…
Learn to confidently determine intermodulation distortion products and the third-order intercept point of RF circuits by working through a selection of example problems.
In this article, we’ll explore the mathematical relationship between phase modulation (PM) and frequency modulation…
In this article, we’ll explore the mathematical relationship between phase modulation (PM) and frequency modulation (FM). We’ll then learn how a PM modulator can be used to generate FM signals, and vice versa.
Learn how the two-tone input test helps us evaluate the nonlinearity of RF systems operating on real-world signals.
Learn how the two-tone input test helps us evaluate the nonlinearity of RF systems operating on real-world signals.
In this article, we introduce the basic principles of phase modulation (PM) and use example waveforms to clarify the…
In this article, we introduce the basic principles of phase modulation (PM) and use example waveforms to clarify the often-confusing relationship between the PM wave and the message signal.
In this article, we discuss the basics of RF modulation and how it affects the performance of communication systems.
In this article, we discuss the basics of RF modulation and how it affects the performance of communication systems.
Learn how anti-parallel diodes protect Class D amplifiers from the effects of reactive loads and inductive kickback.
Learn how anti-parallel diodes protect Class D amplifiers from the effects of reactive loads and inductive kickback.
Learn the basics of how vector network analyzer (VNA) calibration techniques correct measurement errors.
Learn the basics of how vector network analyzer (VNA) calibration techniques correct measurement errors.
Learn how bifilar coils can be used to build Gustav Guanella’s classic RF balun.
Learn how bifilar coils can be used to build Gustav Guanella’s classic RF balun.
Directional couplers are valuable tools for testing RF systems. However, the finite directivity of these devices can…
Directional couplers are valuable tools for testing RF systems. However, the finite directivity of these devices can cause measurement uncertainty. Learn more in this article.
Learn how a push-pull Class B amplifier functions, how to calculate its efficiency, and how its performance compares to…
Learn how a push-pull Class B amplifier functions, how to calculate its efficiency, and how its performance compares to the inductively-loaded Class A design.
How does a Class B power amplifier work? What makes it more efficient than a Class A power amplifier? Learn the answers…
How does a Class B power amplifier work? What makes it more efficient than a Class A power amplifier? Learn the answers in this article.
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