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Integrator Limitations: The Op-Amp’s Output Impedance

Integrator Limitations: The Op-Amp’s Output Impedance

In this second part of a series of articles, we investigate the role of the output impedance of a real-life op-amp.


Integrator Limitations: The Op-Amp’s Gain Bandwidth Product

Integrator Limitations: The Op-Amp’s Gain Bandwidth Product

In this first part of a series of articles, we investigate the role of the op-amp’s gain-bandwidth product (GBP).


The Small-Signal Open-Loop Transfer Function of the Moog Filter

The Small-Signal Open-Loop Transfer Function of the Moog Filter

We are analyzing the behavior of the Moog ladder filter. In this section, we will analyze the heart of the topology and express the small-signal open-loop transfer function of the filter as a whole.


Analyzing the Moog Filter

Analyzing the Moog Filter

Learn about one of the only audio filter topologies out there, the Moog filter!


LTspice for Nyquist Plot Analysis

LTspice for Nyquist Plot Analysis

This article explains how to generate and refine a Nyquist plot in LTspice and how to incorporate this plot into your AC analysis.


Understanding Nyquist Plots for Second-Order Filters

Understanding Nyquist Plots for Second-Order Filters

This article continues a series on Nyquist diagrams by explaining Nyquist curves that represent the transfer function of a two-pole filter.


Understanding Cutoff Frequency in a Nyquist Plot

Understanding Cutoff Frequency in a Nyquist Plot

This article continues our exploration of the Nyquist plot by examining the relationship between the plot’s curve and a filter’s cutoff frequency.


Low-Noise Voltage References: Understanding the Noise Performance of a Voltage Reference IC

Low-Noise Voltage References: Understanding the Noise Performance of a Voltage Reference IC

Working with a low noise voltage reference? Learn more about noise specifications and relevant voltage reference ICs.


How to Use a Nyquist Plot for AC Analysis

How to Use a Nyquist Plot for AC Analysis

This article introduces the Nyquist plot and explains how to interpret this alternative method of visually evaluating a system’s frequency response.


Decompensated Operational Amplifiers

Decompensated Operational Amplifiers

Learn more about decompensated vs. fully-compensated op-amps and external methods of achieving compensation.


Understanding Poles and Zeros in Transfer Functions

Understanding Poles and Zeros in Transfer Functions

This article explains what poles and zeros are and discusses the ways in which transfer-function poles and zeros are related to the magnitude and phase behavior of analog filter circuits.


Understanding the First-Order High-Pass Filter Transfer Function

Understanding the First-Order High-Pass Filter Transfer Function

This article continues our discussion of s-domain transfer functions and their role in the design and analysis of analog filters.


Noise Analysis Using LTspice Tutorial

Noise Analysis Using LTspice Tutorial

Learn how to simulate noise using LTspice and use this great tool to learn more about low-noise design.


Understanding Low-Pass Filter Transfer Functions

Understanding Low-Pass Filter Transfer Functions

This article provides some insight into the relationship between an s-domain transfer function and the behavior of a first-order low-pass filter.


How Reactive Loads and Networks Affect Phase Shift in Analog Circuits

How Reactive Loads and Networks Affect Phase Shift in Analog Circuits

How can reactive elements affect phase shift in an LC circuit? Learn more about phase shift in analog design.


What Is a Low Pass Filter? A Tutorial on the Basics of Passive RC Filters

What Is a Low Pass Filter? A Tutorial on the Basics of Passive RC Filters

What is filtering? Learn what resistor-capacitor (RC) low-pass filters are and where you can use them.


Understanding Phase Shift in Analog Circuits

Understanding Phase Shift in Analog Circuits

Learn about phase shift and how this fundamental electrical phenomenon is related to different circuit configurations.


How to Troubleshoot a Diode Bridge Rectifier

How to Troubleshoot a Diode Bridge Rectifier

This article will examine different faults of a diode bridge rectifier to provide some insight into troubleshooting an AC/DC power supply.


Restoring Digital Signals in Pass-Transistor Logic

Restoring Digital Signals in Pass-Transistor Logic

This article takes a detailed look at the way in which pass-transistor logic degrades a signal and how this signal degradation can be remedied.


Implementing Sequential Circuitry with Pass-Transistor Logic

Implementing Sequential Circuitry with Pass-Transistor Logic

This article discusses the use of pass-transistor configurations in the design of gated latches.