Connectors Education

Isolators are one of the key electronic components used in a solar inverter. They enable communication between low-voltage, sensitive control circuitry, such as microcontrollers, and components connected to high voltage, such as power transistors and sense elements. They also provide a safety barrier for human accessible interfaces and connectors. When it comes to power paths in Solar Inverters, we notice three key trends: Higher power string and centralized inverters are moving towards higher bus voltages enabling the system to deliver higher power, while keeping the current levels the same, Reducing transition times in the DC-AC switching stage to minimize the duration that the IGBTs spend in high impedance, Increasing PWM switching frequency in the DC-AC stage to reduce the size and cost of the magnetics in the design (for example the inductive EMI filters)

SPICE analysis of Electrical Isolation Aside from the ability to easily convert between different levels of voltage and current in AC and DC circuits, transformers also provide an extremely useful feature called isolation, which is the ability to couple one circuit to another without the use of direct wire connections. We can demonstrate an application of this effect with another SPICE simulation: this time showing “ground” connections for the two

Notice something important here: taking the derivative of f(x) may precisely give you g(x), but taking the antiderivative of g(x) does not necessarily give you f(x) in its original form. Example: Note that the constant c is unknown! The original function f(x) could have been 3x2 + 5, 3x2 + 10, 3x2 + anything, and the derivative of f(x) would have still been 6x. Determining the antiderivative of a

In the course of learning about electricity, you will want to construct your own circuits using resistors and batteries. Some options are available in this matter of circuit assembly, some easier than others. In this section, I will explore a couple of fabrication techniques that will not only help you build the circuits shown in this chapter, but also more advanced circuits. Using Alligator Clip Jumper Wires for Circuit Construction

Instrumentation is a field of study and work centering on measurement and control of physical processes. These physical processes include pressure, temperature, flow rate, and chemical consistency. An instrument is a device that measures and/or acts to control any kind of physical process. Due to the fact that electrical quantities of voltage and current are easy to measure, manipulate, and transmit over long distances, they are widely used to

Three-phase Wye(Y) Connection Initially, we explored the idea of three-phase power systems by connecting three voltage sources together in what is commonly known as the “Y” (or “star”) configuration. This configuration of voltage sources is characterized by a common connection point joining one side of each source. (Figure below) Three-phase “Y” connection has three voltage sources connected to a common point. If we draw a circuit showing each voltage

The associative property In addition and multiplication, terms may be arbitrarily associated with each other through the use of parentheses: The commutative property In addition and multiplication, terms may be arbitrarily interchanged, or commutated: The distributive property

Given two lengths of metal wire, which one will have the least electrical resistance: one that is short, or one that is long? Assume all other factors are equal (same metal type, same wire diameter, etc.).

Example Derivatives of e Proportionality Constant When we say that a relationship or phenomenon is “exponential,” we are implying that some quantity—electric current, profits, population—increases more rapidly as the quantity grows. In other words, the rate of change with respect to a given variable is proportional to the value of that variable. This means that the derivative of an exponential function is equal to the original exponential function

In ladder logic symbolism, an electromechanical relay coil is shown as a circle, and the contact(s) actuated by the coil as two parallel lines, almost like a capacitor symbol. Given this knowledge, interpret the following ladder logic diagram: How do we know which relay contact is actuated by which relay coil? How does this convention differ from that of standard electrical/electronic schematic diagrams, where the relay coil is

Though it may seem strange to cover the elementary topic of electrical switches at such a late stage in this book series, I do so because the chapters that follow explore an older realm of digital technology based on mechanical switch contacts rather than solid-state gate circuits, and a thorough understanding of switch types is necessary for the undertaking. Learning the function of switch-based circuits at the same time that

PARTS AND MATERIALS 6-volt battery Low-voltage incandescent lamp (Radio Shack catalog # 272-1130 or equivalent) Long lengths of wire, 22-gauge or larger Household light switch (these are readily available at any hardware store) Household light switches are a bargain for students of basic electricity. They are readily available, very inexpensive, and almost impossible to damage with battery power. Do not get “dimmer” switches, just the simple on-off “toggle” variety used for

Early in my explorations of electricity, I came across a length of coaxial cable with a label of “50 ohms” printed along its outer sheath (Figure below). Coaxial cable is a two-conductor cable made of a single conductor surrounded by a braided wire jacket, with a plastic insulating material separating the two. As such, the outer (braided) conductor completely surrounds the inner (single wire) conductor, the two conductors insulated from each

Project Parts and Materials Automotive alternator (one required, but two recommended) Old alternators may be obtained for low prices at automobile wrecking yards. Many yards have alternators already removed from the automobile, for your convenience. I do not recommend paying full price for a new alternator, as used units cost far less money and function just as well for the purposes of this experiment. I highly recommend using a Delco-Remy

Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams, for people more familiar with electronic schematic diagrams, is how electromechanical relays are represented. Compare these two equivalent diagrams: First, the ladder diagram: Next, the schematic diagram: Based on your observations of these two diagrams, explain how electromechanical relays are represented differently between ladder and schematic diagrams.

Learning Objectives Rheostat use Wiring a potentiometer as a rheostat Simple motor speed control Use of voltmeter over ammeter to verify a continuous circuit Parts and Materials 6-volt battery Potentiometer, single turn, 5 kΩ, linear taper (Radio Shack catalog # 271-1714) Small “hobby” motor, permanent-magnet type (Radio Shack catalog # 273-223 or equivalent) For this experiment, you will need a relatively low-value potentiometer, certainly not more than 5 kΩ. Cross-References Lessons In Electric Circuits,

This calculator helps you compute the inductance of a wire loop.

All About Contactors When a relay is used to switch a large amount of electrical power through its contacts, it is designated by a special name: contactor. Contactors typically have multiple contacts, and those contacts are usually (but not always) normally-open, so that power to the load is shut off when the coil is de-energized. Perhaps the most common industrial use for contactors is the control of electric motors. The

A switch can be constructed with any mechanism bringing two conductors into contact with each other in a controlled manner. This can be as simple as allowing two copper wires to touch each other by the motion of a lever, or by directly pushing two metal strips into contact. However, a good switch design must be rugged and reliable, and avoid presenting the operator with the possibility of electric shock.

3.2 Wire and Cable. Wire and cable are generally used to interconnect various components in electronic systems. Wire is a good conductor, but it is not perfect because it has some resistance. Incorrect wire selection can degrade system performance and in some cases present fire hazards. It's imperative that the right type of wiring be used for the given application. The amount of resistance a wire offers to current flow depends

Note: this is a very unique and useful property of e. As in the case of derivatives, the antiderivative of such a function is that same function. In the case of the antiderivative, a constant term “c” is added to the end as well.