Connectors Education

Isolators are one of the key electronic components used in a solar inverter. They enable communication between low-voltage, sensitive control circuitry, such as microcontrollers, and components connected to high voltage, such as power transistors and sense elements. They also provide a safety barrier for human accessible interfaces and connectors. When it comes to power paths in Solar Inverters, we notice three key trends: Higher power string and centralized inverters are moving towards higher bus voltages enabling the system to deliver higher power, while keeping the current levels the same, Reducing transition times in the DC-AC switching stage to minimize the duration that the IGBTs spend in high impedance, Increasing PWM switching frequency in the DC-AC stage to reduce the size and cost of the magnetics in the design (for example the inductive EMI filters)

What, exactly, is necessary to establish electrical continuity between two wires? If I want to have an electric current flow out of one wire and into another, what must be done with those two wires to make that flow path complete? Conversely, what things might prevent continuity from being established between two wires when they are supposed to electrically connect with one another?

Given two lengths of metal wire, which one will have the least electrical resistance: one that is short, or one that is long? Assume all other factors are equal (same metal type, same wire diameter, etc.).

Note: this is a very unique and useful property of e. As in the case of derivatives, the antiderivative of such a function is that same function. In the case of the antiderivative, a constant term “c” is added to the end as well.

The Law of Sines (for any triangle) The Law of Cosines (for any triangle)

With BogusBus, our signals were very simple and straightforward: each signal wire (1 through 5) carried a single bit of digital data, 0 Volts representing “off” and 24 Volts DC representing “on.” Because all the bits arrived at their destination simultaneously, we would call BogusBus a parallel network technology. If we were to improve the performance of BogusBus by adding binary encoding (to the transmitter end) and decoding (to the receiver end), so that

Three-phase Wye(Y) Connection Initially, we explored the idea of three-phase power systems by connecting three voltage sources together in what is commonly known as the “Y” (or “star”) configuration. This configuration of voltage sources is characterized by a common connection point joining one side of each source. (Figure below) Three-phase “Y” connection has three voltage sources connected to a common point. If we draw a circuit showing each voltage

When students first see the parallel resistance equation, the natural question to ask is, “Where did that thing come from?” It is truly an odd piece of arithmetic, and its origin deserves a good explanation. What Is the Difference Between Resistance and Conductance? Resistance, by definition, is the measure of friction a component presents to the flow of current through it. Resistance is symbolized by the capital letter “R” and

Designing Wire Resistance Conductor ampacity rating is a crude assessment of resistance based on the potential for current to create a fire hazard. However, we may come across situations where the voltage drop created by wire resistance in a circuit poses concerns other than fire avoidance. For instance, we may be designing a circuit where voltage across a component is critical, and must not fall below a certain limit. If

Example Derivatives of e Proportionality Constant When we say that a relationship or phenomenon is “exponential,” we are implying that some quantity—electric current, profits, population—increases more rapidly as the quantity grows. In other words, the rate of change with respect to a given variable is proportional to the value of that variable. This means that the derivative of an exponential function is equal to the original exponential function

The circuit in the previous section is not a very practical one. In fact, it can be quite dangerous to build (directly connecting the poles of a voltage source together with a single piece of wire). The reason it is dangerous is that the magnitude of electric current may be very large in such a short circuit, and the release of energy may be very dramatic (usually in the form

Project Parts and Materials Automotive alternator (one required, but two recommended) Old alternators may be obtained for low prices at automobile wrecking yards. Many yards have alternators already removed from the automobile, for your convenience. I do not recommend paying full price for a new alternator, as used units cost far less money and function just as well for the purposes of this experiment. I highly recommend using a Delco-Remy

All About Contactors When a relay is used to switch a large amount of electrical power through its contacts, it is designated by a special name: contactor. Contactors typically have multiple contacts, and those contacts are usually (but not always) normally-open, so that power to the load is shut off when the coil is de-energized. Perhaps the most common industrial use for contactors is the control of electric motors. The

SPICE analysis of Electrical Isolation Aside from the ability to easily convert between different levels of voltage and current in AC and DC circuits, transformers also provide an extremely useful feature called isolation, which is the ability to couple one circuit to another without the use of direct wire connections. We can demonstrate an application of this effect with another SPICE simulation: this time showing “ground” connections for the two

Notice something important here: taking the derivative of f(x) may precisely give you g(x), but taking the antiderivative of g(x) does not necessarily give you f(x) in its original form. Example: Note that the constant c is unknown! The original function f(x) could have been 3x2 + 5, 3x2 + 10, 3x2 + anything, and the derivative of f(x) would have still been 6x. Determining the antiderivative of a

Instrumentation is a field of study and work centering on measurement and control of physical processes. These physical processes include pressure, temperature, flow rate, and chemical consistency. An instrument is a device that measures and/or acts to control any kind of physical process. Due to the fact that electrical quantities of voltage and current are easy to measure, manipulate, and transmit over long distances, they are widely used to

The Parallel Wires of Infinite Length Suppose, though, that we had a set of parallel wires of infinite length, with no lamp at the end. What would happen when we close the switch? Being that there is no longer a load at the end of the wires, this circuit is open. Would there be no current at all? (Figure below) Driving an infinite transmission line. Despite being able to avoid

3.2 Wire and Cable. Wire and cable are generally used to interconnect various components in electronic systems. Wire is a good conductor, but it is not perfect because it has some resistance. Incorrect wire selection can degrade system performance and in some cases present fire hazards. It's imperative that the right type of wiring be used for the given application. The amount of resistance a wire offers to current flow depends

Any kind of switch contact can be designed so that the contacts “close” (establish continuity) when actuated, or “open” (interrupt continuity) when actuated. For switches that have a spring-return mechanism in them, the direction that the spring returns it to with no applied force is called the normal position. Therefore, contacts that are open in this position are called normally open and contacts that are closed in this position are

Ampacities of copper wire, in free air at 30o C: ======================================================== | INSULATION TYPE: | | RUW, T THW, THWN FEP, FEPB | | TW RUH THHN, XHHW | ======================================================== Size Current Rating Current Rating Current Rating AWG @ 60 degrees C @ 75 degrees C @ 90 degrees C ======================================================== 20 -------- *9 ----------------------------- *12.5 18 -------- *13 ------------------------------ 18 16 -------- *18 ------------------------------ 24 14 --------- 25 ------------- 30 ------------- 35 12 --------- 30 ------------- 35 ------------- 40 10 --------- 40 ------------- 50 ------------- 55 8 ---------- 60 ------------- 70 ------------- 80 6 ---------- 80 ------------- 95 ------------ 105 4 --------- 105 ------------ 125 ------------ 140 2 --------- 140 ------------ 170 ------------ 190 1 --------- 165 ------------ 195 ------------ 220 1/0 ------- 195 ------------ 230 ------------ 260 2/0 ------- 225

The associative property In addition and multiplication, terms may be arbitrarily associated with each other through the use of parentheses: The commutative property In addition and multiplication, terms may be arbitrarily interchanged, or commutated: The distributive property