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Conductor Size

Conductor Size

It should be common-sense knowledge that liquids flow through…


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Wire Types and Sizes

Wire Types and Sizes

Most electrical wire is covered in a rubber or plastic coating called…


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Three-phase Y and Delta Configurations

Three-phase Y and Delta Configurations

Three-phase Wye(Y) Connection Initially, we explored the idea of…


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AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an automotive alternator to generate three-phase AC voltage and learn how alternators can function as both generators and motors.


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Intro Lab - Circuit With a Switch

Intro Lab - Circuit With a Switch

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will control a light with a switch and learn the basics of connecting toggle (on/off) switches into circuits.


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AC Motor Control Circuits

AC Motor Control Circuits

Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams,…


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Insulator Breakdown Voltage

Insulator Breakdown Voltage

The atoms in insulating materials have very tightly-bound electrons,…


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A 50-Ohm Cable?

A 50-Ohm Cable?

Early in my explorations of electricity, I came across a length of…


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The Antiderivative (Indefinite Integral)

The Antiderivative (Indefinite Integral)

  Notice something important here: taking the derivative of f(x)…


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What is the Relationship Between Conductance and Resistance?

What is the Relationship Between Conductance and Resistance?

The concept and measurement units of resistance are most often used…


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AC Lab - Signal and Noise Coupling

AC Lab - Signal and Noise Coupling

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, power a DC motor through a multi-conductor cable to learn how AC signals are coupled between conductors and how to mitigate noise coupling.


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Contactors

Contactors

All About Contactors When a relay is used to switch a large amount of…


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Parallel Wire Inductance Calculator

Parallel Wire Inductance Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate the inductance of two parallel wires


Tools

Speed Distance Time Calculator

Speed Distance Time Calculator

This calculator will solve for either distance, time, or speed given two of the three parameters.


Tools

Circuit Wiring

Circuit Wiring

So far, we’ve been analyzing single-battery, single-resistor…


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Conductors and Insulators

Conductors and Insulators

Given two lengths of metal wire, which one will have the least…


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Wiring Color Codes

Wiring Color Codes

Wiring for AC and DC power distribution branch circuits are color…


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Solving Simultaneous Equations: The Substitution Method and the Addition Method

Solving Simultaneous Equations: The Substitution Method and the Addition Method

What are Simultaneous Equations and Systems of Equations? The terms…


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Right Triangle Trigonometry

Right Triangle Trigonometry

  A right triangle is defined as having one angle precisely…


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Wire Loop Inductance Calculator

Wire Loop Inductance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the inductance of a wire loop.


Tools

Digital Logic Signals

Digital Logic Signals

A rheostat (variable resistor) and a switch are both examples of…


Worksheets - Connectors

Example Circuits and Netlists

Example Circuits and Netlists

The following circuits are pre-tested netlists for SPICE 2g6, complete…


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Polyphase Power Systems

Polyphase Power Systems

Explain the difference between a balanced polyphase system and an…


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Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors

Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors

What is an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), and what…


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Class C BJT Amplifiers

Class C BJT Amplifiers

A common class of operation used in radio-frequency (RF) amplifier…


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Broadside Coupled Trace Inductance Calculator

Broadside Coupled Trace Inductance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the inductance of a broadside coupled trace.


Tools

How to Use Thevenin’s Theorem

How to Use Thevenin’s Theorem

This page will walk you step-by-step through the process of…


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Specific Resistance of Conductors

Specific Resistance of Conductors

Given two lengths of metal wire, which one will have the least…


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Voltage Divider Circuits

Voltage Divider Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Harmonic Phase Sequences

Harmonic Phase Sequences

In the last section, we saw how the 3rd harmonic and all of its…


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Passive Integrator and Differentiator Circuits

Passive Integrator and Differentiator Circuits

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Calculus is a branch of mathematics that…


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Creating Custom Calibration Resistances

Creating Custom Calibration Resistances

Often in the course of designing and building electrical meter…


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Octal and Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion

Octal and Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion

Although the prime intent of octal and hexadecimal numeration systems…


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Performance-Based Assessments for Semiconductor Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for Semiconductor Circuit Competencies


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Fuses

Fuses

Normally, the ampacity rating of a conductor is a circuit design…


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DC Motor Theory

DC Motor Theory

If the ends of a wire loop are attached to two half-circular metal…


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Introduction to Solid-state Device Theory

Introduction to Solid-state Device Theory

This chapter will cover the physics behind the operation of…


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Thermocouples

Thermocouples

Seebeck Effect An interesting phenomenon applied in the field of…


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Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)

Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)

What Is Kirchhoff’s Current Law? Kirchhoff’s Current Law,…


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Wavelength (TEM) Calculator

Wavelength (TEM) Calculator

This calculator determines the wavelength of a signal given the frequency and dielectric constant.


Tools

Simple Vector Addition

Simple Vector Addition

Remember that vectors are mathematical objects just like numbers on a…


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AC Power

AC Power

If a sinusoidal voltage is applied to an impedance with a phase angle…


Worksheets - Connectors

Lenz’s Law and Faraday’s Law Calculator

Lenz’s Law and Faraday’s Law Calculator

This calculator uses Faraday's and Lenz's laws to calculate the magnitude and polarity of the induced electromotive force (EMF) caused by a change in magnetic flux through a closed-loop coil.


Tools

Introduction to Conductance and Conductors

Introduction to Conductance and Conductors

By now you should be well aware of the correlation between electrical…


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Capacitor Quirks

Capacitor Quirks

As with inductors, the ideal capacitor is a purely reactive device,…


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Polar Form and Rectangular Form Notation for Complex Numbers

Polar Form and Rectangular Form Notation for Complex Numbers

In order to work with complex numbers without drawing vectors, we…


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Time Constant Equations

Time Constant Equations

Value of time constant in series RC and RL circuits   Time…


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AC Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

AC Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Connectors

Skin Depth Calculator

Skin Depth Calculator

A tool designed to calculate skin depth based on the conductive material being used and the frequency of the signal.


Tools

Applications of Resonance

Applications of Resonance

So far, the phenomenon of resonance appears to be a useless curiosity,…


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AC Lab - Large Induction Motor

AC Lab - Large Induction Motor

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a large AC permanent capacitor split-phase induction motor and learn the principles of AC induction motor function.


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Look-up Tables

Look-up Tables

Having learned about digital memory devices in the last chapter, we…


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Intro Lab - Resistor Power Dissipation

Intro Lab - Resistor Power Dissipation

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will examine the heat generated by resistors and maybe even make one smoke! Also, learn to calculate power dissipation using Joule's law and resistor power ratings.


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Input and Output Coupling

Input and Output Coupling

To overcome the challenge of creating necessary DC bias voltage for an…


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Scientific Notation in SPICE

Scientific Notation in SPICE

The SPICE circuit simulation computer program uses scientific notation…


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Digital Display Circuits

Digital Display Circuits

What is the purpose of a seven-segment decoder circuit? What is a…


Worksheets - Connectors

Frequency and Phase Measurement

Frequency and Phase Measurement

An important electrical quantity with no equivalent in DC circuits is…


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Wire-by-Number project kit introduction

Wire-by-Number project kit introduction

Wire-by-Number project: simple voltage divider Description: Build a…


Worksheets - Connectors

Tracking ADC

Tracking ADC

A third variation on the counter-DAC-based converter theme is, in my…


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Common Derivatives

Common Derivatives

    RELATED WORKSHEETS: Calculus for Electric Circuits…


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