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555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a red LED flasher with a transistor drive to control the current and learn how to use transistors to provide current gain and how to limit LED current.


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Special-purpose Diodes

Special-purpose Diodes

Schottky diodes Schottky diodes are constructed of a metal-to-N…


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Parallel Resistor Calculator

Parallel Resistor Calculator

Calculate the equivalent resistance of up to six resistors in parallel with ease while learning how to calculate resistance in parallel and the parallel resistance formula.


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Digital Display Circuits

Digital Display Circuits

What is the purpose of a seven-segment decoder circuit? What is a…


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Thyristors

Thyristors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Series-Parallel DC Circuits

Series-Parallel DC Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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AC Motor Theory

AC Motor Theory

Electromechanical watt-hour meters use an aluminum disk that is spun…


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AC phase

AC phase

If we were to express the series-connected DC voltages as phasors…


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Digital Display Circuits

Digital Display Circuits

What is the purpose of a seven-segment decoder circuit? What is a…


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Circuits and the Speed of Light

Circuits and the Speed of Light

Suppose we had a simple one-battery, one-lamp circuit controlled by a…


Textbook

Static Electricity

Static Electricity

What does it mean for an object to have an electric charge? Give an…


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Thyristors

Thyristors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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555 Lab - Blue LED Flasher With Voltage Doubler

555 Lab - Blue LED Flasher With Voltage Doubler

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a blue LED flasher using a 555 timer and learn the basic theory of a voltage doubler using a transistor switch and a capacitor.


Textbook

Si Lab - Light Sensor (LED Photodetector)

Si Lab - Light Sensor (LED Photodetector)

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use an LED as a light-sensitive photodetector and learn how to use a bipolar transistor in a common-emitter amplifier configuration.


Textbook

DC Lab - Parallel Batteries

DC Lab - Parallel Batteries

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will connect batteries in parallel to power a light and learn the relationship between the individual battery currents and the total system current.


Textbook

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a multiple LED flasher and learn how to use inductive flyback to generate a voltage pulse that is greater than the supply voltage.


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Simple Circuits

Simple Circuits

Shown here is the schematic symbol for a resistor: What is the purpose…


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Switches

Switches

What is the purpose of the switch shown in this schematic diagram?


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Series LED Resistor Calculator

Series LED Resistor Calculator

This series LED resistance calculator is perfect for when you have a single LED or a number of the same color of LEDs in series and need to know which resistor you should use.


Tools

Thyristor Application Circuits

Thyristor Application Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Rectifier Circuits

Rectifier Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Design Project: LED Stroboscope

Design Project: LED Stroboscope

A technician uses a stroboscope to “freeze” the rotation of a…


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Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build and test an automated circuit that sequentially flashes 10 LED, and learn about counters, frequency dividers, and switch debouncing.


Textbook

Light-Pulse Switch

Light-Pulse Switch

It is fairly important to use large value resistors (10 MΩ works…


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Current Divider Circuits

Current Divider Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Single-ended and Differential Amplifiers

Single-ended and Differential Amplifiers

For ease of drawing complex circuit diagrams, electronic amplifiers…


Textbook

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motor vs Servo Motor A stepper motor is a…


Textbook

Si Lab - Light Sensor (LED Photodetector)

Si Lab - Light Sensor (LED Photodetector)

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use an LED as a light-sensitive photodetector and learn how to use a bipolar transistor in a common-emitter amplifier configuration.


Textbook

Basic Electromagnetic Relays

Basic Electromagnetic Relays

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…


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Solid-state Relays

Solid-state Relays

Limitations of Electromechanical Relays As versatile as…


Textbook

Superconducting Devices

Superconducting Devices

Superconducting devices, though not widely used, have some unique…


Textbook

Resistivity Calculator

Resistivity Calculator

This calculator calculates the resistivity of a component based on its resistance value, length, and cross-sectional area.


Tools

Bipolar Transistor Biasing Circuits

Bipolar Transistor Biasing Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Circuit Wiring

Circuit Wiring

So far, we’ve been analyzing single-battery, single-resistor…


Textbook

The Common-base Amplifier

The Common-base Amplifier

The final transistor amplifier configuration (Figure below) we need to…


Textbook

Insulator Breakdown Voltage

Insulator Breakdown Voltage

The atoms in insulating materials have very tightly-bound electrons,…


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The Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR)

The Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR)

Shockley Diodes and Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs) Shockley…


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Open-Loop OpAmp Circuits

Open-Loop OpAmp Circuits

Determine what the magnitude and polarity of the voltmeter’s…


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Contributors (2)

Contributors (2)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


Textbook

Venn Diagrams and Sets

Venn Diagrams and Sets

Mathematicians use Venn diagrams to show the logical relationships of…


Textbook

The Instrumentation Amplifier

The Instrumentation Amplifier

What Is an Instrumentation Amplifier? An instrumentation amplifier…


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Design Project: Audio Tone Control

Design Project: Audio Tone Control

Suppose you were installing a high-power stereo system in your car,…


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The Importance of Electrical Safety

The Importance of Electrical Safety

With this lesson, I hope to avoid a common mistake found in…


Textbook

What is a Series-Parallel Circuit?

What is a Series-Parallel Circuit?

With simple series circuits, all components are connected end-to-end…


Textbook

AC Motor Theory

AC Motor Theory

Electromechanical watt-hour meters use an aluminum disk that is spun…


Worksheets - LED Drivers